Graphene - the Nanomaterial for Preparation of Next Generation Semipermeable Membranes

Bodzek, Michał; Konieczny, Krystyna

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Graphene - the Nanomaterial for Preparation of Next Generation Semipermeable Membranes

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Bodzek Michał , Konieczny Krystyna

Treść / Zawartość

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Warianty tytułu

Grafen – nanomateriał do wytwarzania nowej generacji membran półprzepuszczalnych

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

In recent decades, novel and promising materials (e.g. carbon nanotubes, nanoporous graphene and graphene oxide) suitable to be used in preparation of high-capacity membranes for water desalination and water and wastewater treatment have been developed. Membranes made of NPG and GO materials enable to obtain significantly higher water/permeate fluxes than currently used thin film composite membranes for RO and other separation processes as pervaporation, forward osmosis, capacitive deionization, electrodialysis, or in formation of photocatalytic membranes. Novel composite membrane containing NPG and GO can be divided into freestanding membranes (prepared only from NPF/GO), and polymeric/ceramic membranes modified with the use of graphene-based nanomaterials. Modification of polymeric membranes can be achieved either by introduction of a nanomaterial onto a membrane surface or to a membrane casting solution followed by membrane formation from a polymer and a nanomaterial mixture. The future development of NPG/GO containing membranes should focus on the improvement of their separation features. A lot of effort has to be given to understand and properly explain both, role and interaction mechanisms of graphene-based nanomaterial with a membrane, especially in case of freestanding graphene oxide membranes. GO nanosheets are very promising material for manufacturing of desalination membranes, however more attention has to be dedicated to potential disadvantages such as mechanical instability, nanosheets formation, non-uniform distribution of layers and surface damage. Additionally, the scaling up required for commercial production of ultra-thin membranes of high permeability, based on graphene-oxide, is one of the greatest challenge for scientists and engineers. The success reached in this area will lead to the decrease in energy consumption in RO installation and in other membrane processes. Moreover, the release of nanomaterial from such membranes and their potential toxicity has to be investigated in detail for their further practical use in desalination processes.

W ostatnich dziesięcioleciach opracowano nowe i obiecujące materiały (np. nanorurki węglowe, nanoporowaty grafen i tlenek grafenu) odpowiednie do wytwarzania membran o wysokiej efektywności odsalania i uzdatniania wody i oczyszczania ścieków. Membrany wykonane z NPG i GO pozwalają na osiągnięcie znacznie wyższej wydajności wody/permeatu, niż obecnie stosowane membrany kompozytowe cienkowarstwowe do RO i innych procesów separacji, jak np. perwaporacji, osmozy prostej, dejonizacji pojemnościowej, elektrodializy, lub membran fotokatalitycznych. Nowe membrany kompozytowe zawierające NPG i GO można podzielić na membrany „wolnostojące” (wykonane tylko NPF/GO) i membrany polimerowe/ceramiczne modyfikowane za pomocą nanomateriałów z grafenu. Modyfikację membran polimerowych można osiągnąć albo przez wprowadzenie nanomateriałów na powierzchnię membrany lub do roztworu błonotwórczego, z którego wytwarza się membrany metodą inwersji fazowej. Rozwój membran zawierających NPG/GO powinien koncentrować się na poprawieniu ich własności separacyjnych. Należy uwagę skierować na zrozumienie i prawidłowe wyjaśnienie zarówno roli i mechanizmów interakcji nanomateriału na bazie grafenu z membraną, zwłaszcza w przypadku membran „wolnostojących”. Nano-arkusze GO są bardzo obiecującym materiałem do wytwarzania membran do odsalania wody, należy jednak więcej uwagi zwrócić na potencjalne wady takie jak niestabilność mechaniczna, tworzenie nano-arkuszy, nierównomierny rozkład warstw i uszkodzenia powierzchni. Ponadto, należy rozwiązać powiększanie skali wytwarzania membran, co jest wymagane dla komercjalizacji produkcji membran opartych na grafenie i tlenku grafenu oraz stanowi jedno z największych wyzwań dla naukowców i inżynierów. Sukces osiągnięty w tej dziedzinie doprowadzi do zmniejszenia zużycia energii w instalacji RO i innych procesach membranowych. Należy również szczegółowo zbadać proces uwolnienia nanomateriału z membran i jego potencjalną toksyczność, z uwagi na bezpieczeństwo stosowania membran zawierających nanomateriały.

Słowa kluczowe

graphene graphene oxide separation membranes preparation desalination water treatment wastewater treatment

grafen tlenek grafenu wytwarzanie membran separacyjnych odsalanie uzdatnianie wody oczyszczanie ścieków

Wydawca

Politechnika Koszalińska

Czasopismo

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

Rocznik

2019

Tom

Tom 21, cz. 1

Strony

112--140

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 100 poz., tab., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Bodzek Michał

michal.bodzek@ipis.zabrze.pl

Institute of Environmental Engineering of Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland

autor

Konieczny Krystyna

The Cardinal Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-da374602-7a14-49d4-9ef5-1b757c0bb1e5