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On the Definition of Apparent Power

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
In this paper, the widely recognised apparent power definitions, which are Arithmetic, Vector, IEEE standard, DIN standard apparent power definitions and the apparent power definition of Mayordomo and Usaola, are rigorously reviewed, and their abilities on the measurement of the system’s power transfer efficiency are analysed by using a specially derived apparent power, which is calculated in terms of the total line losses of the system with and without the reactive power compensation. In the analyses, two major compensation strategies, namely the minimum line loss (MLL) and sinusoidal and balanced current (SBC) compensation strategies, are considered to determine the total line loss of the system with the compensation. Therefore, in a representative nonsinusoidal and unbalanced test system, the results are simulated by taking into account unbalance among the resistances of neutral and phase lines. The simulated results show that under nonsinusoidal and unbalanced conditions, the unbalance among the resistances of neutral and phase lines highly affects the system’s power transfer efficiency. Additionally, Mayordomo and Usaola’s apparent power definition can be used for proper measurement of the power transfer efficiency in the nonsinusoidal and unbalanced systems. On the other hand, the accuracies of the rest of the reviewed definitions considerably depends on unbalance among the resistances of neutral and phase lines. It should also be mentioned that the accuracies of the apparent power definitions are considerably not affected by the type of compensation strategy.
Twórcy
autor
  • Sindirgi Vocational School, Balikesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
autor
  • Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
  • Electronics Engineering Dept., Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
Bibliografia
  • 1. Akagi H., Watanabe E.H., Aredes M.: Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning. IEEE Press, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
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  • 3. Balci M.E., Emanuel A.E.: Apparent Power Definitions: A Comparison Study. International Review of Electrical Engineering 2011, vol. 6, no. 6, p. 2713-2722.
  • 4. Balci M.E., Hocaoglu M.H.: Comparative Review of Multi-phase Apparent Power Definitions. International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering ELECO. Bursa, Turkey, 5‑8 Nov. 2009.
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  • 7. Depenbrock M.: The FBD method: a Generally Applicable Tool for Analyzing Power Relations. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems 1993, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 381–387.
  • 8. Emanuel A.E.: Apparent Power Definitions for Three-phase Systems. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 1999, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 767 – 772.
  • 9. Emanuel A.E.: On the Definition of Power Factor and Apparent Power in Unbalanced Polyphase Circuits with Sinusoidal Voltage and Currents. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 1993, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 841– 852.
  • 10. German Standard AC Quantities: Part 2- Multi Conductor Circuits. DIN std. 40110, 2002.
  • 11. Ghassemi F.: New Apparent Power and Power Factor with Nonsinusoidal Waveforms. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, vol. 4, pp. 2852-2857. Singapore, 23-27 Jan. 2000.
  • 12. Ghassemi F.: New Concept in ac Power Theory. IEE Proc. Generation, Transmission and Distribution 2000, vol. 147, no. 6, pp. 417–424.
  • 13. IEEE Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities under Sinusoidal Non-sinusoidal, Balanced or Unbalanced Conditions. IEEE Standard 1459-2010, Sept. 2010.
  • 14. Jeon S.J.: Definitions of Apparent Power and Power Factor in a Power System Having Transmission Lines With Unequal Resistances. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 2005, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1806-1811.
  • 15. Majordomo J.G., Usaola J.: Apparent Power and Power Factor Definitions for Polyphase Non-Linear Loads when Supply Conductors Present Different Resistances. European Trans. on Electrical Power 1993, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 415-420.
  • 16. Morsi W.G., El-Hawary M.E.: Defining Power Components in Nonsinusoidal Unbalanced Polyphase Systems: The Issues. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 2007, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 2428-2438.
  • 17. Pajic S., Emanuel A.E.: Modern Apparent Power Definitions: Theoretical Versus Practical Approach - the General Case. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 2006, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1787-1792.
  • 18. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms. IEEE Standard 100, 7th Edition. IEEE Press, 2000.
  • 19. Willems J.L., Ghijselen J.A., Emanuel A.E.: Addendum to the Apparent Power Concept and the IEEE Standard 1459-2000. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 2005, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 885–886.
  • 20. Willems J.L., Ghijselen J.A., Emanuel A.E.: The Apparent Power Concept and the IEEE Standard 1459-2000. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 2005, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 876-884.
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Bibliografia
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