Czy niskie dawki promieniowania jonizującego są szkodliwe?

• Autorzy: Janiak Marek Krzysztof

Warianty tytułu

EN

Can low level ionizing radiation do us harm?

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Wiele już opublikowanych i nowo pojawiające się wyniki badań wyraźnie wskazują na korzystne, prozdrowotne działanie niskich dawek promieniowania jonizującego (p.j.). Dane te przeczą dominującej opinii, że każda ekspozycja na p.j., nawet w najmniejszej dawce, może wywołać nowotwór i powinna być unikana. Co gorsza, opinia ta, w postaci tzw. hipotezy LNT (linear, no threshold), stanowi podstawę regulacji obowiązujących w ochronie radiologicznej. W niniejszym artykule, po krótkim przedstawieniu genezy modelu LNT, przedstawiono przekonujące wyniki analiz epidemiologicznych i badań doświadczalnych oraz leczenia nowotworów u ludzi, które wyraźnie świadczą o braku podstaw naukowych dla tego modelu. Podano także przy kłady brzemiennych w skutki konsekwencji stosowania hipotezy LNT w praktyce. Konkluzją jest postulat, aby porzucić fałszywą i szkodliwą „ideologię” LNT, która „więzi nas w czasie przeszłym”, utrwala radiofobię i stanowi przeszkodę w powszechnym stosowaniu nieszkodliwych, a często korzystnych dla zdrowia ekspozycji w niskich dawkach p.j.

EN

The linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis of cancer risk assessment resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) constitutes the basis of our radiological protection philosophy and regulations. This hypothesis assumes that each absorbed dose of IR, no matter how small, is potentially carcinogenic and that the effects of low doses (not exceeding 100 mGy and 0.1 mGy/min for acute and chronic exposures, respectively) can be extrapolated from those of high doses of IR. However, evidence accumulated over many years clearly indicates that absorption of low radiation doses does not cause harm and often promotes health. In this review I provide examples of the results of both epidemiological analyses and controlled experimental studies which indicate that there is a qualitative difference between the effects of low vs. high doses of IR and that the LNT tenet lacks scientific justification. I also outline the genesis and reasons for its persistence as well as numerous negative consequences of using the latter and conclude it’s high time to replace the LNT dogma with a scientifically-based relationship such as a hormetic or a threshold dose-response model.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

promieniowanie jonizujące; hipoteza liniowa bezprogowa; hipoteza LNT; hormeza radiacyjna

EN

ionizing radiation; linear no-threshold hypothesis; LNT hypothesis; radiation hormesis

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Nukleoniczne
• Czasopismo: Postępy Techniki Jądrowej
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: z. 2
• Strony: 11--21
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 48 poz., fot.,

Twórcy

autor

Janiak Marek Krzysztof

• Rada ds. Bezpieczeństwa Jądrowego i Ochrony Radiologicznej przy Prezesie Państwowej Agencji Atomistyki

Bibliografia

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).