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Verification of Reaching the Regulatory Limit for the Release of Radioactive Liquid Waste in Nuclear Medicines

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The research was conducted at one of Iraq’s nuclear medical facilities in Baghdad, which uses radioactive iodine (I-131) to treat thyroid patients, the major purpose of this research was to meet the national legal limit for the release of radioactive liquid waste into the environment, a high purity germanium reagent radiation detector was used to evaluate nine iodine I-131 samples. From 2021 and 2023, the concentration of waste prior to storage and disposal was between 24498 Bq/L and 5.7 Bq/L. Short-lived radionuclides, such as I-131 with an 8.04-day half-life, may be released into the sewage system in line with Iraq’s Nationally Approved Limits and Austria’s International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Moreover, it is stored for 10 times the half-life, or four months, until the choice to release it into the environment is made.
Rocznik
Strony
329--336
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 24 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Department of Civil Engineering, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Department of Civil Engineering, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Department of Radiation Protection and Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources, University of Damascus, Syria
  • Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  • Department of Radiation Physics, University Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Bibliografia
  • 1. Leung, P.M.K. and Nikolic, M. 1998. Disposal of therapeutic 131I waste using a multiple holding tank system, Health Physics, 75(3), 315-321.
  • 2. IAEA, R. 2014. Protection and safety of radiation sources: International basic safety standards, no GSR part 3, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, p. 115.
  • 3. Huda, W. and Vance, A. 2007. Patient radiation doses from adult and pediatric CT. American Journal of Roentgenology, 188(2), 540-546.
  • 4. Clement, C.H. 2009. The impact of the 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in medical applications. World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7-12, Munich, Germany: Vol. 25(3), Radiation Protection and Dosimetry, Biological Effects of Radiation. Springer, 158-161.
  • 5. Ozdemir, T. 2001. Optimization of holding tank system for medical radioactive waste, international conference on management of radioactive waste from non-power applications – Sharing the experience (No. IAEA-CN-187 p; 2001; p. 94-97). 32(50) Vienna (Austria).
  • 6. Plaza, R., Corredoira, E., Huerga, C., Martín, G., Santa-Olalla, I., Martín Curto, L.M. and Cepeda, M. 2000. System of tanks for discharge of wastes (urine and faeces) from patients under i-131 treatment.
  • 7. US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1997. The Code of Federal Regulations: Title 10 – Energy. Washington, DC: US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 10.
  • 8. Jones, C.G., 2019. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission radiation protection policy and opportunities for the future. Journal of Radiological Protection, 39(4), p. 51.
  • 9. European Comission, 1999. Management of radioactive waste arising from medical establishments in the European Union, Brussels, EUR 19254 EN, 20-25.
  • 10. Visseaux, H. and Tronel, C., 2008. Decree of July 23, 2008 dealing with the approval of the decision no 2008-DC-00925 taken by the Nuclear Safety Authority on January 29, 2008 and defining the technical rules which must be complied with by the elimination of effluents or wastes either contaminated or likely to be contaminated by radionuclides because of a nuclear activity, and taken according to arrangements of R. 1333-12 article of the Public Health Code; Arrete du 23 juillet 2008 portant homologation de la decision N. 2008-DC-0095 de l .
  • 11. Weng, P.S. 1968. The status of radioactive waste management of Taiwan, 3(1), 223-233.
  • 12. Ravichandran, R. et al. 2011. An overview of radioactive waste disposal procedures of a nuclear medicine department. Journal of Medical Physics/Association of Medical Physicists of India, 36(2), p. 95.
  • 13. Kheruka, S.C. et al. 2020. Assessment of radiation exposure and radioactivity from the liquid discharge in a nuclear medicine facility’, Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine: IJNM: The Official Journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, India, 35(4), p. 321.
  • 14. Khan, S. et al. 2010 .Radioactive waste management in a hospital’, International journal of health sciences, 4(1), p. 39.
  • 15. Valdezco, E.M. 1998 .Essential features of the international basic safety standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources (IAEA Safety Series No. 115). Evaluator, 13, 19-25.
  • 16. Principles, F.S. 2006. IAEA Safety Standards Series, SF-1, IAEA, Vienna, 2.
  • 17. do Carmo, A.S. et al. 2021. 131I and 99mTc in effluents from a nuclear medicine facility and associated sewage treatment unit. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 232(4), p. 130.
  • 18. Directive, C. 1996. 96/29/Euratom of 13 May. laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation. Official Journal of the European Communities L, 159(39), 10-11.
  • 19. Celikag, M. and Naimi, S. 2011. Building construction in North Cyprus: problems and alternatives solutions’, Procedia Engineering, 14, 2269-2275.
  • 20. Bruno, G., Kumano, Y. and Moeller, K., 2013. The IAEA activities and international projects on the safety of radioactive waste disposal. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
  • 21. González, A., Linsley, G. and Ilari, O, 1988. Exemption of radiation sources and practices from radiation protection standards. Workshop on Rules for Exemption from Regulatory Control, p. 255.
  • 22. Rastogi, R.C., Linsley, G.S. and Baekeland t, L, 1999. Clearance of materials resulting from the use of radionuclides in medicine, industry and research. WM’99 Conference, February 28 – March 4.
  • 23. International Commission on Radiological Protection, 2007. Radiological protection in medicine. ICRP Publication 105. Ann ICRP, 37(6), 1-64.
  • 24. International Atomic Energy Agency, 2013.Radioactive, L.L.L. Management of discharge of low-level liquid radioactive waste generated in medical, educational, research and industrial facilities. IAEA-TECDOC Series, No. 1714, Vienna.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-d8bec038-0867-42e8-a89b-27a583dd29e8
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