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Given the growing demands placed on firefighters during rescue operations, there is a growing need to explore modern technologies that could support their work. One promising solution in this field is the use of exoskeletons, biomechanical devices that reduce the physical load on the wearer. The aim of this research was to outline the current state of knowledge on reducing the physical load of firefighters through the use of exoskeletons and to identify prospective directions for the continuation of this research. This paper sought to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on the worldwide use of exoskeletons in the fire service, emphasising their potential impact on reducing the physical burden faced by firefighters. The focus was on design issues, principles of operation and conclusions regarding their practical application. Particular attention was paid to analyses of potential health benefits, such as reduced musculoskeletal load and improved ergonomics. The study outlined a picture of the current state of knowledge on exoskeletons, as well as indicated directions for further research and development of technologies to assist firefighters during rescue operations.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
103--116
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., rys.
Twórcy
Bibliografia
- 1. Acharya, J., Bhanja, D., Dev Mistra, R., (2024). Investigating the protective performance of turnout gears for firefighters under diverse exposure conditions: Effect of age and body segments. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 50, 102543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102543
- 2. Chao, G.T., Deal, K., Migliano, E.N., (2024). Occupational exoskeletons: Supporting diversity and inclusion goals with technology. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 153, 104016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2024.104016
- 3. Dollar, A.M., Herr, H., (2008). Lower Extremity Exoskeletons and Active Orthoses: Challenges and State-of-the-Art. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 24(1), 144–158. https://www.eng.yale.edu/grablab/pubs/dollar_TRO_Exos.pdf
- 4. Duffus, L.M., (2019). Exoskeleton Requirements for Firefighters. Master’s thesis, Ohio University.
- 5. Federal Emergency Management Agency, United States Fire Administration, (2016). Fire and Emergency Medical Services Ergonomics.
- 6. Flor-Unda, O., Casa, B., Fuentes, M., Solorzano, S., Narvaez-Espinoza, F., Acosta-Varga, P., (2023). Exoskeletons: Contribution to Occupational Health and Safety. Bioengineering, 10(9), 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091039
- 7. Garner, J.C., Wade, C., Garten, R., Chander, H., Acevedo, E., (2013). The influence of firefighter boot type on balance. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 43(1), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2012.11.002
- 8. Golabchi, A., Riahi, N., Fix, M., Miller, L., Rouhani, H., Tavakoli, M., (2023). A framework for evaluation and adoption of industrial exoskeletons. Appl Ergon., 113:104103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104103
- 9. Hanses, H., Horwath, I., (2022). Development of operational and demand-oriented firefighting Equipment. Materials Today: Proceedings, 62, 2684–2688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.031
- 10. Heil, D., (2002). Estimating energy expenditure in wildland fire fighters using a physical activity monitor. Applied Ergonomics, 33(5), 405–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(02)00042-X
- 11. https://newatlas.com/trigen-automotive-auberon-pneumatic-exokeleton/54261/.
- 12. https://toyhaven.blogspot.com/2018/04/scdf-exoskeleton-to-be-worn-by.html.
- 13. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202104/1221691.shtml.
- 14. https://www.hardwarezone.com.sg/tech-news-auberon-made-singapore-firefightingexoskeleton.
- 15. Idczak, P., (2023). Ergonomics of equipment intended for rescue operations during road incidents (Ergonomia sprzętu przeznaczonego do działań ratowniczych podczas zdarzeń drogowych). Zeszyty Naukowe Pro Publico Bono, 1, 369–392. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1730
- 16. Kim, H.-g., Park, S., & Han, C., (2014). Design of a novel knee joint for an exoskeleton with good energy efficiency for load-carrying augmentation. Journal of Mechaical Science and Technology, 28, 4361–4367.
- 17. Osipov, A., (2023). Fire exoskeleton to facilitate the work of the fireman. E3S Web of Conferences, 126:00015. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912600015
- 18. Park, H., Kim, S., Morris, K., Moukperian, M., Moon, Y., Stull, J., (2015). Effect of firefighters’ personal protective equipment on gait. Applied Ergonomics, 48, 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2014.11.001
- 19. Pawlak, A., Gotlib, J., Gałązkowski, R., (2016). The analysis outlining the occurrence and consequences of accidents in the work environment of the firefighters employed by the State Fire Service in Poland in 2008–2013. Medycyna Pracy. Works’ Health and Safety, 67(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.00086
- 20. Piec, R., (2016). Analysis of accidents causes at work in the State Fire Service occurring during rescue operations (Analiza przyczyn wypadków przy pracy w Państwowej Straży Pożarnej zaistniałych w akcjach ratowniczych). Doctoral thesis. Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute.
- 21. Peters, M., Wischniewski, S., (2019). The impact of using exoskeletons on occupational safety and health. https://osha.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2021-11/Exoskeletons%26OSH.pdf.
- 22. Pons, J.L., (2008). Wearable Robots: Biomechatronic Exoskeletons. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470987667
- 23. Roja, Z., Kalkis, H., & Pencis, I., (2009). Assessment of firefighter-rescuers work severity in relation with interaction between physical and mental load. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B, 63(6), 264–270.
- 24. Quinto, L., Pinheiro, P., Goncalves, S.B., Roupa, I., Simoes, P., Tavares da Silva, M., (2024). Analysis of a passive ankle exoskeleton for reduction of metabolic costs during walking. Defence Technology, 37, 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2023.11.015
- 25. Smith, T.D., Mondal, K., Lemons, K., Mullins-Jaime, C., Dyal, M.-A., DeJoy, D.M., (2024). Relationships between effective safety training, safety knowledge and personal protective equipment related behaviors among firefighters. Journal of Safety Research, 90, 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2024.06.010
- 26. State Fire Service, (2022). Information Bulletin of the Fire State Service for the year 2022 (Biuletyn roczny Państwowej Straży Pożarnej za rok 2022). https://www.gov.pl/web/kgpsp/biuletyny-informacyjne-psp---roczne.
- 27. Szubert, Z., Sobala, W., (2002). Work-related injuries among firefighters: sites and circumstances of their occurrence. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 15(1), 49–55.
- 28. Wejman, M., Przybylski, K., (2013). Identification of hazards at the workstations of professional firefighters (Identyfikacja zagrożeń na stanowiskach pracy strażaków zawodowych). Organizacja i Zarządzanie, 59, 69–84.
- 29. Yunus, M.N.H., Jaafar, M.H., Mohamed, A.S.A., Azraai, N.Z., Amil, N., Zein, R.M., (2022). Biomechanics analysis of the firefighters’ thorax movement on personal protective equipment during lifting task using inertial measurement unit motion capture. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14232. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114232
- 30. Zahari, H.M., Wong, M.M.R., Ahmad, N.D.F., Abas, F., (2024). Developing risk profiling for firefighters: Enhancing safety and performance. MethodsX, 12, 102733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2024.102733
- 31. SGSP, (2020). Exercise 3. Assessment of the ergonomics of modern personal protective equipment (Ocena ergonomiczności nowoczesnych środków ochrony indywidualnej). Laboratory of Rescue Operations Safety, Main School of Fire Service.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-d88465b3-b56b-426f-ab60-462c9fbbb49e
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