Noise spectra for calculation the speech transmission index in public address systems

• Autorzy: Dziechciński Paweł

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/ijet.2024.149578

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

To precision calculate the speech transmission index (STI), it is necessary to know the level and spectrum of the interfering noise. Simplified design methods used in public address systems are limited to obtaining an appropriate signal-to-noise ratio based on A weighted sound levels. For this reason, among others, guidelines for designers usually contain information on typical interfering noise levels and do not provide information on the noise spectrum. As shown in the paper, the effect of the noise spectrum on STI can be very high, and when such spectrum cannot be obtained by measurement or computation, standardised spectra appropriate for a given type of noise can be used for STI calculations.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

speech transmission index; STIPA; public address system; interfering noise; noise spectra

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Electronics and Telecommunication
• Czasopismo: International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 70, No. 3
• Strony: 555--562
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 46 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Dziechciński Paweł

• Wrocław University of Science and Technology

Bibliografia

• [1] IEC 60268-16:2020, “Sound system equipment - Part 16: Objective rating of speech intelligibility by speech transmission index”, 2020.
• [2] N. R. French, J. Steinberg, “Factors Governing the Intelligibility of Speech Sounds”, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 90-119, 1947. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1916407.
• [3] I. Pollack, J. M. Picket, “Masking of Speech by Noise at High Sound Levels”, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 127-130, 1958. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1909503.
• [4] I. Pollack, J. M. Picket, “Intelligibility of Peak-Clipped Speech at High Noise Levels”, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 14-16, 1959. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1907604.
• [5] J. M. Picket, “Low-frequency noise and methods for calculating speech intelligibility”, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1259-1263, 1959. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1907855.
• [6] T. Houtgast, H. J. M. Steeneken, “The Modulation Transfer Function in Room Acoustics as a Predictor of Speech Intelligibility”, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 66-73, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2016789.
• [7] T. Houtgast, H. J. M. Steeneken, R. Plomp, “Predicting speech intelligibility in rooms from the modulation transfer function. I. General room acoustics”, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 60-72, 1980.
• [8] S.J. van Wijngaarden, H. J. M. Steeneken, “Objective prediction of speech intelligibility at high ambient noise levels using the speech transmission index”, in Proc. 6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, (Eurospeech 1999), Budapest, pp. 2639-2642, 1999. https://doi.org/10.21437/Eurospeech.1999-582.
• [9] S. Brachmański, “Estimation of logatom intelligibility with the STI method for Polish speech transmitted via communication channels”, Archives of Acoustics, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 555-562, 2004.
• [10] N. Jathar, P. Rao, “Acoustic characteristics of critical message utterances in noise applied to speech intelligibility enhancement”, in Proc. 15th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH 2014, Singapore, pp. 2665-2669, 2014.
• [11] A. Prodeus, V. Didkovskyi, M. Didkovska, I. Kotvytskyi, D. Motorniuk, A. Khrapachevskyi, “Objective and Subjective Assessment of the Quality and Intelligibility of Noised Speech”, in Proc. International Scientific-Practical Conference Problems of Infocommunications Science and Technology (PIC S&T), Kharkiv, pp. 71-74, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOMMST.2018.8632125.
• [12] P. Dziechciński, “A computer model for calculating the speech transmission index using the direct STIPA method”, Vibrations in Physical Systems, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2019.
• [13] P. Dziechciński, “Effect of Power Amplifier Distortion on the Speech Transmission Index for Public Address Systems”, Archives of Acoustics, vol. 47, no. 2, 2022. https://doi.org/10.24425/aoa.2022.141649.
• [14] P. Dziechciński, "Effect of highpass filtering on the speech transmission index", Vibrations in Physical Systems, vol. 33, no. 3, 2022. https://doi.org/10.21008/j.0860-6897.2022.3.06.
• [15] H. Song, S. Zhang, “Perceptual Characteristics of Chinese Speech Intelligibility in Noise Environment”, Scientific Programming, vol. 2020, article ID 8859152. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8859152.
• [16] BS 5839-1:2017, “Fire detection and fire alarm systems for buildings. Part 1: Code of practice for design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of systems in non-domestic premises”, 2017.
• [17] CEN/TS 54-32:2015, “Fire detection and fire alarm systems-Planning, design, installation, commissioning, use and maintenance of voice alarm systems”, 2015.
• [18] Commission Regulation (EU) No 1300/2014 of 18 November 2014 on the technical specifications for interoperability relating to accessibility of the Union's rail system for persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility, 2014.
• [19] Guidelines for the Implementation Elements of the Central Dynamic Passenger Information System and Associated Infrastructure, Ipi-6, PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., 26.10.2023 r. (in Polish).
• [20] PN-B-02151-4:2015-06, “Building acoustics - Noise protection in buildings - Part 4: Requirements for reverberant conditions and speech intelligibility in rooms and test guidelines”, 2015 (in Polish).
• [21] BB93, “Acoustic design of schools: performance standards”, 2015.
• [22] P. Dziechciński, “Crowd noise spectra for the calculation of the speech transmission index for public address systems”, International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 609–614, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2024.149586.
• [23] AES75-2023, “AES standard for acoustics – Measuring loudspeaker maximum linear sound levels using noise”, 2023.
• [24] ANSI/EIA-426-B-1998, “Loudspeakers, Optimum Amplifier Power”.
• [25] IEC 60268-1:1985, “Sound system equipment. Part 1: General”, 1985.
• [26] ISO/R 1996:1971; Acoustics—Assessment of Noise with Respect to Community Response. International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 1971.
• [27] J. S. Bradley, B. N. Gover, “Speech and Noise Levels Associated with Meeting Rooms”, National Research Council of Canada, Research Report no. RR-170, 2004. https://doi.org/10.4224/20378364.
• [28] EN 16272-3-2:2014, “Railway applications – Track – Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation – Test method for determining the acoustic performance – Part 3-2: Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number ratings for direct field applications”.
• [29] EN 1793-3:1997, “Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 3: Normalized traffic noise spectrum”, 1997.
• [30] ANSI/CTA-2034-A, “Standard Method of Measurement for In-Home Loudspeakers”, 2015.
• [31] CD 352, “Design of road tunnels”, 2020.
• [32] G. C. Lauchle, Centrifugal and axial fan noise prediction and control. In: Handbook of Noise and Vibration Control (ed. M.J. Crocker), New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 868–884, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470209707.ch71.
• [33] M. J. Crocker, J. P. Arenas, "Engineering Acoustics. Noise and Vibration Control", John Wiley & Sons, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118693902.
• [34] P. Ridley, D. Spearritt, “Evaluation of speech transmission in a road tunnel”, in Proc. Acoustics 2011, Gold Coast, 2-4 November, Paper Number 137, 2011.
• [35] D. Thompson, “Commissioning the Public Address System for a New Road Tunnel”, in Proc. Acoustics 2018, Adelaide, 7-9 November, 2018.
• [36] L. Morales, G. Leembruggen, S. Dance, B. M. Shield, "A revised speech spectrum for STI calculations", Applied Acoustics, vol. 132, pp. 33-42, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.11.008.
• [37] Z. Sü, M. Calıskan, "Acoustical Design and Noise Control in Metro Stations: Case Studies of the Ankara Metro System", Building Acoustics, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 231-249, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1260/135101007781998910.
• [38] E. Thalheimer, R. Greene, J. Poling, “Fan Manufacturer Sound Power Data: Trust but Verify”, in Proc. INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress, NoiseCon16, Providence, 13-15 June, 2016.
• [39] E. Start, “Design of voice alarm systems for traffic tunnels: Optimisation of speech intelligibility” , in Proc. Fifth International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security, New York, March 14-16, pp. 645-653, 2012.
• [40] M. Hodgson, R. Rempel, S. Kennedy, “Measurement and prediction of typical speech and background-noise levels in university classrooms during lectures”, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 226-233, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.424600.
• [41] S. K. Tang, "A distribution function applicable to office noise study", Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 208, no. 4, pp. 603-615, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1997.1191.
• [42] U. Ayr, E. Cirillo, I. Fato, F. Martellotta, "A new approach to assessing the performance of noise indices in buildings", Applied Acoustics, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 129–145, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-682X(02)00075-0.
• [43] Commission Directive (EU) 2015/996 of 19 May 2015 establishing common noise assessment methods according to Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, 2015.
• [44] EN 16584-2:2017, “Railway applications - Design for PRM use – General requirements - Part 2: Information”, 2017.
• [45] I. R. Cushing, F. F. Li, T. J. Cox, K. Worrall, T. Jackson, "Vocal effort levels in anechoic conditions", Applied Acoustics, vol. 72, no. 9, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2011.02.011.
• [46] Commission Regulation (EU) No 1304/2014 of 26 November 2014 on the technical specification for interoperability relating to the subsystem ‘rolling stock — noise’, 2014.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).