Investigation of flow resistance exerted by rigid emergent vegetation in open channel

D’Ippolito, Antonino; Lauria, Agostino; Alfonsi, Giancarlo; Calomino, Francesco

doi:10.1007/s11600-019-00280-8

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Investigation of flow resistance exerted by rigid emergent vegetation in open channel

Autorzy

D’Ippolito Antonino , Lauria Agostino , Alfonsi Giancarlo , Calomino Francesco

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

https://www.springer.com/journal/11600

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s11600-019-00280-8

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

The issue of the resistance to flow in open channels with vegetation has been considered by several researchers mainly experimentally, but the case of rigid emergent vegetation with linear stem arrangement is scarcely investigated. In the present work, the results are presented of an experimental investigation related to the case of rigid emergent vegetation that has been modeled by placing small rods on the bottom of a laboratory flume in aligned configuration. Tests have been executed by varying the flow rate, the bottom slope and the number and the diameter of the rods, by directly measuring the drag force exerted by the flow on a given number of rods, and the water-level profiles. A new expression has been devised for the drag coefficient as a function of the vegetation density, weakly dependent on the stem Reynolds number that allows the use of the former also in large-scale cases. The experimentally measured forces exerted by the flow on the rods have been also compared with the results obtained by applying the momentum equation in integral form to given control volumes, exhibiting a general agreement, but also showing that the use of this technique for the evaluation of the drag coefficients can give rise to not negligible errors. One of the experimental tests has been numerically simulated with the RANS technique (ReynoldsAveraged Navier–Stokes equations), and it is found that the results, mainly in terms of water-level profiles, confirm the ability of such a numerical technique in investigating this complex category of flow cases.

Słowa kluczowe

drag coefficient openFOAM RANS equations rigid emergent vegetation

współczynnik oporu openFOAM Równania RANS

Wydawca

Instytut Geofizyki PAN
Springer

Czasopismo

Acta Geophysica

Rocznik

2019

Tom

Vol. 67, no. 3

Strony

971--986

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 61 poz.

Twórcy

autor

D’Ippolito Antonino

antonino.dippolito@unical.it

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 42b, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy

autor

Lauria Agostino

agostino.lauria@unical.it

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 42b, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy

autor

Alfonsi Giancarlo

giancarlo.alfonsi@unical.it

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 42b, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy

autor

Calomino Francesco

francesco.calomino@unical.it

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 42b, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy

Bibliografia

1. Aberle J, Jarvela J (2013) Flow resistance of emergent rigid and flexible floodplain vegetation. J Hydraul Res 51(1):33–45
2. Alfonsi G (2009) Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations for turbulence modeling. Appl Mech Rev. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3124648
3. Alfonsi G, Lauria A, Primavera L (2012a) Structures of a viscous-wave flow around a large-diameter circular cylinder. J Flow Vis Image Process 19(4):323–354
4. Alfonsi G, Lauria A, Primavera L (2012b) Flow structures around a large-diameter circular cylinder. J Flow Vis Image Process 9(1):15–35
5. Alfonsi G, Lauria A, Primavera L (2013a) Proper orthogonal flow modes in the viscous-fluid wave-diffraction case. J Flow Vis Image Process 24(4):227–241
6. Alfonsi G, Lauria A, Primavera L (2013b) On evaluation of wave forces and runups on cylindrical obstacles. J Flow Vis Image Process 20(4):269–291
7. Alfonsi G, Lauria A, Primavera L (2015) The field of flow structures generated by a wave of viscous fluid around vertical circular cylinder piercing the free surface. Procedia Eng 116:103–110
8. Alfonsi G, Lauria A, Primavera L (2017) Recent results from analysis of flow structures and energy modes induced by viscous wave around a surface-piercing cylinder. Math Probl Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5875948
9. Armanini A, Righetti M, Grisenti P (2005) Direct measurement of vegetation resistance in prototype scale. J Hydraul Res 43(5):481–487
10. Baptist MJ (2005) Modelling floodplain biogeomorphology. Ph.D. thesis. Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-407-2582-9
11. Bennett SJ, Simon A (2004) Riparian vegetation and fluvial geomorfology. American Geophysical Union, Washington
12. Bodnár T, Příhoda J (2006) Numerical simulation of turbulent free-surface flow in curved channel. Flow Turbul Combust 76:429–442
13. Calomino F, Alfonsi G, Gaudio R, D’Ippolito A, Lauria A, Tafarojnoruz A, Artese S (2018) Experimental and numerical study of free-surface flows in a corrugated pipe. Water 10:638
14. Carollo FG, Ferro V, Termini D (2002) Flow velocity measurements in vegetated channels. J Hydraul Eng 128(7):664–673
15. Carollo FG, Ferro V, Termini D (2005) Flow resistance law in channels with flexible submerged vegetation. J Hydraul Eng 131(7):554–564
16. Cheng NS, Nguyen HT (2011) Hydraulic radius for evaluating resistance induced by simulated emergent vegetation in open-channel flow. J Hydraul Eng 137(9):995–1004
17. Choi SU, Kang H (2004) Reynolds stress modeling of vegetate open-channel flows. J Hydraul Res 42(1):3–11
18. Defina A, Bixio AC (2005) Mean flow and turbulence in vegetated open channel flow. Water Resour Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003475
19. D’Ippolito A, Lauria A, Alfonsi G, Calomino F (2018) Flow resistance in open channel with rigid emergent vegetation. In: Armanini A, Nucci E (eds) Proceedings of the 5th IAHR Europe Congress—new challenges in hydraulic research and engineering
20. D’Ippolito A, Ferrari E, Iovino F, Nicolaci A, Veltri A (2013) Reforestation and land use change in a drainage basin of Southern Italy. iForest 6:175
21. Erduran KS, Kutija V (2003) Quasi-three-dimensional numerical model for flow through flexible, rigid, submerged and non-submerged vegetation. J Hydroinform 5(3):189–202
22. Fathi-Moghadam M, Kouwen N (1997) Non-rigid, non-submerged vegetative roughness on floodplains. J Hydraul Eng 123(1):51–57
23. Fischer-Antze T, Stoesser T, Bates P, Olsen NRB (2001) 3D numerical modelling of open-channel flow with submerged vegetation. J Hydraul Res 39(3):303–310
24. Freeman GE, Rahmeyer WH, Copeland RR (2000) Determination of resistance due to shrubs and woody vegetation. Technical Report-00-25. US Army Corps of Engineers. Engineer Research and Development Center
25. Hirt CW, Nichols BD (1981) Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. J Comput Phys 39:201–225
26. Ishikawa Y, Mizuhara K, Ashida S (2000) Effect of density of trees on drag exerted on trees in river channels. J For Res 5:271–279
27. Issa RI (1986) Solution of the implicitly discretized fluid flow equations by operator-splitting. J Comput Phys 62:40–65
28. James CS, Birkhead AL, Jordanova AA, Sullivan JJ (2004) Flow resistance of emergent vegetation. J Hydraul Eng 42(4):390–398
29. Jarvela J (2002) Flow resistance of flexible and stiff vegetation: a flume study with natural plants. J Hydrol 269:44–54
30. Jarvela J (2004) Determination of flow resistance caused by non-submerged woody vegetation. Int J River Basin Manag 2(1):1–10
31. Jasak H (1996) Error analysis and estimation for the finite volume method with applications to fluid flows. Ph.D. thesis. Imperial College, London, UK
32. Kim D, Stoesser T (2011) Closure modeling and direct simulation of vegetation drag in flow through emergent vegetation. Water Resour Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010561
33. Kothyari UC, Hayashi K, Hashimoto H (2009) Drag coefficient of unsubmerged rigid vegetation stems in open channel flows. J Hydraul Res 47(6):691–699
34. Kouwen N, Fathi-Moghadam M (2000) Friction factors for coniferous trees along rivers. J Hydraul Eng 126(10):732–740
35. Kouwen N, Unny TE (1973) Flexible roughness in open channels. J Hydraul Div 99(5):713–728
36. Li RM, Shen HW (1973) Effect of tall vegetations on flow and sediment. J Hydraul Div 99(5):793–814
37. Lindner K (1982) Der strömungswiderstand von pflanzenbeständen. Mitteilungen 75, Leichtweiss-Institut fur Wasserbau, TU Braunschweig (Doctoral thesis)
38. Liu D, Diplas P, Fairbanks JD, Hodges CC (2008) An experimental study of flow through rigid vegetation. J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001042
39. López F, García M (1997) Open-channel flow through simulated vegetation: Turbulence modeling and sediment transport. US Army of engineers waterway experiment station wetlands research program. Technical Report WRP-CP-10
40. López F, García M (2001) Mean flow and turbulence structure of open channel flow through non-emergent vegetation. J Hydraul Eng 127(5):392–402
41. Menter FR, Kuntz M, Langtry R (2003) Ten years of industrial experience with the SST turbulence model. In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on turbulence, heat and mass transfer, Antalya, Turkey, Begell House Inc., 12–17 Oct 2003, pp 625–632
42. Mulahasan S, Stoesser T (2017) Flow resistance for in-line vegetation in open channel flow. Int J River Basin Manag 15(3):329–334
43. Neary VS (2003) Numerical solution of fully developed flow with vegetative resistance. J Eng Mech 129(5):558–563Google Scholar
44. Nepf HM (1999) Drag, turbulence and diffusion in flow through emergent vegetation. Water Resour Res 35(2):479–489
45. Nepf HM, Vivoni ER (2000) Flow structure in depth-limited vegetated flow. J Geophys Res 105(C12):28547–28557
46. OpenFOAM® (2012) User guide. https://cfd.direct/openfoam/user-guide/. Accessed 3 Dec 2017
47. Pasche E, Rouvé G (1985) Overbank flow with vegetatively roughened flood plains. J Hydraul Eng 111(9):1262–1278
48. Petryk S, Bosmajian G (1975) Analysis of flow through vegetation. J Hydraul Div 101(7):871–884
49. Righetti M (2008) Flow analysis in a channel with flexible vegetation using double averaging method. Acta Geophys 56(3):801–823
50. Schlichthing H (1979) Boundary layer theory. McGraw-Hill, New York
51. Shimizu Y, Tsujimoto T (1994) Numerical analysis of turbulent open channel flow over a vegetation layer using a k–ε turbulence model. J Hydrosci Hydraul Eng 11(2):57–67
52. Stephan U, Gutknecht D (2002) Hydraulic resistance of submerged flexible vegetation. J Hydrol 269(1–2):27–43
53. Stoesser T, Wilson CAME, Bates PD, Dittrich A (2003) Application of a 3D numerical model to a river with vegetated floodplains. J Hydroinform 5(2):99–112
54. Stoesser T, Kim SJ, Diplas P (2010) Turbulent flow through idealized emergent vegetation. J Hydraul Eng 136(12):1003–1017
55. Stone MC, Shen HT (2002) Hydraulic resistance of flow in channel with cylindrical roughness. J Hydraul Eng 128(5):500–506
56. Tanino Y, Nepf HM (2008) Laboratory investigation of mean drag in random array of rigid, emergent cylinders. J Hydraul Eng 134(1):34–41
57. Temple DM (1986) Velocity distribution coefficients for grass-lined channels. J Hydraul Eng 112(3):193–205
58. Vargas-Luna A, Crosato A, Calvani G, Uijttewaal WSJ (2016) Representing plants as rigid cylinders in experiments and models. Adv Water Resour 93:205–222
59. Wang H, Tang HW, Yuan SY, Lv SQ, Zhao XY (2014) An experimental study of the incipient bed shear stress partition in mobile bed channels filled with emergent rigid vegetation. Sci China Technol Sci 57(6):1165–1174
60. Wilcox DC (1998) Turbulence modeling for CFD. DCW Industries, La Cañada
61. Wu F, Shen HW, Chou YJ (1999) Variation of roughness coefficients for unsubmerged and submerged vegetation. J Hydraul Eng 125:934–942

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-d705dbbb-a5b3-445e-a672-4c8ebadd5357