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Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
An effective way to remove ammonium from compost using hazelnut kernels (HK) has been presented. The role of experimental factors on the removal of ammonium was examined by using the full factor experimental design (FFED). The experimental factors and their related levels were selected as time of 1-6 weeks, moisture of 50-70%, and HK amendment ratio of 5-25. The results were then evaluated by the ANOVA test to examine importance of the process variables (inputs) and their levels. A regression model taking into account main significant and interaction effects was suggested. According to the optimization algorithm, time of 5 weeks, moisture of 50%, and HK amendment ratio of 25 with the removal capacity of 60% were selected as optimum levels. The proposed analyzing procedure is simple to implement and cost-effective.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
127--138
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 25 poz., tab., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
autor
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
autor
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
Bibliografia
- [1] WEI Y., VANHOUTEN R.T., BORGER A.R., EIKELBOOM D.H., FAN Y., Minimization of excess sludge production for biological wastewater treatment, Water Res., 2003, 37, 4453.
- [2] MÉNDEZ A., FIDALGO J.M., GUERRERO F., GASCÓ G., Characterization and pyrolysis behaviour of different paper mill waste materials, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2009, 86, 66.
- [3] MAHMOOD T., ELLIOTT A., A review of secondary sludge reduction technologies for the pulp and paper industry, Water Res., 2006, 40, 2093.
- [4] TRUTSCHLER J.D., Fibre recovery-reducing operating costs and sludge, Pap. Technol., 1999, 40 (7), 97.
- [5] JIMÉNEZ E., PÉREZ V., Determination of maturity indices for city refuse compost, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 1992, 38, 331.
- [6] MARCHE T., SCHNITZER M., DINEL H., PARE T., CHAMPAGNE P., SCHULTEN H.-R,. FACEY G., Chemical changes during composting of a paper mill sludge-hardwood sawdust mixture, Geoderma, 2003, 116, 345.
- [7] RAVIV M., Production of high quality composts for horticultural purposes: a mini review, Hort. Technol., 2005, 15, 52.
- [8] BURTON H., TURNER C., Manure Management. Treatment Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture, Silsoe Research Institute, 2nd Ed., Lister and Durling Printers, UK, 2003.
- [9] IQBAL M.K., SHAFIQ T., HUSSAIN A., AHMED K., Effect of enrichment on chemical properties of MSW compost, Bioresour. Technol., 2010, 101, 5969.
- [10] JEONG Y.K., KIM J.S., A new method for conservation of nitrogen in aerobic composting process, Bioresour. Technol., 2001, 79, 129.
- [11] TURAN N.G., The effects of natural zeolite on salinity level of poultry litter compost, Bioresour. Technol., 2008, 99, 2097.
- [12] SÁNCHEZ-ARIAS V., FERNÁNDEZ F.J., VILLASEÑOR J., RODRÍGUEZ L., Enhancing the co-composting of olive mill wastes and sewage sludge by the addition of an industrial waste, Bioresour. Technol., 2008, 99, 6346.
- [13] PONSÁ S., PAGANS E., SÁNCHEZ A., Composting of dewatered wastewater sludge with various ratios of pruning waste used as a bulking agent and monitored by respirometer, Biosyst. Eng., 2009, 102, 433.
- [14] BAYRAMOĞLU Z., ÖZER O.O., GÜNDOĞMUŞ E., TATLIDIL F.F., The impact of changes in Turkey’s hazelnut policy on world markets, Afr. J. Agr. Res., 2010, 5 (1), 7.
- [15] VANDENABEELE J., VERHAEGEN K., SUDRADJAT R., AVNIMELECH Y., VAN CLEEMPUT O., VERSTRAETE W., Interferences in simple N-determination methods: I. Reference compounds, Environ. Technol., 1990, 11, 859.
- [16] MONGOMERY D.C., Design and Analysis of Experiments, 5th Ed., Wiley, Arizona, 2001.
- [17] SAHU J.N., ACHARYA J., MEIKAP B.C., Response surface modeling and optimization of chromium(VI) removal from aqueous solution using tamarind wood activated carbon in batch process, J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 172 (2–3), 818.
- [18] DUTTA S., BHATTACHARYA A., GANGULY A., GUPTA S., BASU S., Application of response surface methodology for preparation of low-cost adsorbent from citrus fruit peel and for removal of methylene blue, Desalination, 2011, 275, 26.
- [19] BERTOLDI M., VALLINI G., PERA A., The biology of composting, Waste Manage. Res., 1983, 1, 157.
- [20] KARACAN F., OZDEN U., KARACAN S., Optimization of manufacturing conditions for activated car-bon from Turkish lignite by chemical activation using response surface methodology, Appl. Therm. Eng., 2007, 27, 1212.
- [21] TURAN N.G., MESCI B., OZGONENEL O., The use of artificial neural networks (ANN) for modeling of adsorption of Cu(II) from industrial leachate by pumice, Chem. Eng. J., 2011, 171(3), 1091.
- [22] RYNK R., On Farm Composting Handbook, Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service, Cornel University, Ithaca, New York 1992.
- [23] PETRIK V., Quality of Compost Explained, Petrik Technology & Approach, Petrik Laboratories, Inc., USA, 1985.
- [24] WERL, Compost Quality in America, Technical Document, Woods End Research Laboratory, Inc., USA, 2000, 30–42,.
- [25] GOYAL S., DHULL S.K., KAPOOR K.K., Chemical and biological changes during composting of different organic wastes and assessment of compost maturity, Bioresource Technol., 2005, 96, 1584.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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