Emerging trends in GIS and remote sensing technologies for environmental monitoring: innovations, applications, and future directions

• Autorzy: Szafarczyk Anna , Agbasi Okechukwu Ebuka

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.4467/21995923GP.25.002.22857

Warianty tytułu

PL

Nowe trendy w technologiach GIS i teledetekcji w zakresie monitorowania środowiska: innowacje, zastosowania i przyszłe kierunki rozwoju

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The escalating challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, and urban expansion have amplified the need for reliable, high-resolution, and timely environmental data. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies have become indispensable tools for environmental monitoring, enabling the systematic collection, analysis, and visualization of spatial data across diverse ecosystems. This review synthesizes recent innovations in GIS and RS that are transforming environmental surveillance and decision-making. Key developments include the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for enhanced image classification, cloud-based platforms like Google Earth Engine (GEE) for scalable analysis, and the increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and hyperspectral sensors for high-resolution monitoring. Furthermore, the convergence of geospatial analytics with big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and participatory approaches such as citizen science is expanding the accessibility and impact of environmental data. Case studies from Africa, Asia, and global initiatives highlight practical applications in land use change detection, water resource assessment, hazard risk mapping, urban heat island analysis, and biodiversity conservation. While the potential of these tools is vast, persistent challenges include data interoperability, technical capacity gaps, policy integration barriers, and ethical concerns related to surveillance and data equity. This review calls for greater investment in open-source tools, interdisciplinary collaboration, and inclusive data governance to realize the full potential of GIS and RS in achieving environmental resilience and sustainability. Future directions emphasise real-time monitoring, ethical frameworks, and the democratisation of spatial intelligence.

PL

Rosnące wyzwania związane ze zmianami klimatu, utratą bioróżnorodności, degradacją gleby i ekspansją miast zwiększyły zapotrzebowanie na wiarygodne, wysokiej rozdzielczości i aktualne dane środowiskowe. Technologie systemów informacji geograficznej (GIS) i teledetekcji (RS) stały się niezbędnymi narzędziami do monitorowania środowiska, umożliwiając systematyczne gromadzenie, analizę i wizualizację danych przestrzennych w różnych ekosystemach. Niniejszy przegląd syntetyzuje najnowsze innowacje w dziedzinie GIS i RS, które przekształcają nadzór nad środowiskiem i proces decyzyjny. Kluczowe osiągnięcia obejmują integrację sztucznej inteligencji (AI) i uczenia maszynowego (ML) w celu ulepszonej klasyfikacji obrazów, platformy chmurowe, takie jak Google Earth Engine (GEE), do skalowalnej analizy, oraz coraz częstsze wykorzystanie bezzałogowych statków powietrznych (UAV) i czujników hiperspektralnych do monitorowania o wysokiej rozdzielczości. Ponadto konwergencja analityki geoprzestrzennej z dużymi zbiorami danych, Internetem Rzeczy (IoT) i podejściami partycypacyjnymi, takimi jak nauka obywatelska, zwiększa dostępność i wpływ danych środowiskowych. Studia przypadków z Afryki, Azji i inicjatyw globalnych podkreślają praktyczne zastosowania w wykrywaniu zmian w użytkowaniu gruntów, ocenie zasobów wodnych, mapowaniu ryzyka zagrożeń, analizie miejskich wysp ciepła i ochronie bioróżnorodności. Chociaż potencjał tych narzędzi jest ogromny, wciąż istnieją wyzwania, takie jak interoperacyjność danych, luki w zasobach technicznych, bariery w integracji polityki oraz kwestie etyczne związane z nadzorem i równością danych. Niniejszy przegląd wzywa do zwiększenia inwestycji w narzędzia open source, współpracy interdyscyplinarnej i inkluzywnego zarządzania danymi, aby w pełni wykorzystać potencjał GIS i RS w osiąganiu odporności i zrównoważonego rozwoju środowiska. Przyszłe kierunki rozwoju kładą nacisk na monitorowanie w czasie rzeczywistym, ramy etyczne oraz demokratyzację inteligencji przestrzennej.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Geographic Information Systems; GIS; Remote Sensing; RS; Environmental Monitoring; Artificial Intelligence; AI; Sustainable Development

PL

Systemy Informacji Geograficznej; GIS; teledetekcja; RS; monitoring środowiska; sztuczna inteligencja; AI; zrównoważony rozwój

• Wydawca: Polska Akademia Umiejętności
• Czasopismo: Geoinformatica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: T. 24
• Strony: 25--41
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 92 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Szafarczyk Anna

• Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-2529

autor

Agbasi Okechukwu Ebuka

• Okna Geoservices Nigeria Limited, Eket, Nigeria

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5649-0107

Bibliografia

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