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Green roof impact on the quantity and quality of stormwater discharged from urban areas

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Treść / Zawartość
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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Green roofs are increasingly popular in both new and modernised buildings. They significantly reduce the outflow of stormwater from buildings and change its composition. Wherever an urbanised area is equipped with a separate sewage system, usually stormwater goes directly to the receiver without treatment, which may affect the quality of water in the receiver. The article presents results of research carried out on the green roof of a building in Lodz, Poland. During rainfall, the flow rate from the roof was measured. With the use of the US EPA software Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) a model of the green roof was created and calibrated using rainfall data from the city’s pluviometric network. Based on the measurements of the roof runoff, as well as SWMM modelling, the degree of outfall reduction was determined. Samples of roof runoff were collected to study the characteristics of rainwater, including pH, electrical conductivity, organic compounds, nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended solids. The results were compared with the quality of runoff from a traditional roof. Except ammonium nitrogen, values of the examined quality indicators was higher in the case of the green roof but the pollution load of almost all contaminants, except phosphorus, were lower due to a significant reduction in the volume of stormwater outflow (62-91%). The quality of stormwater discharged from the green roof improved with its age.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
91--97
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 38 poz., fot., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
  • Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
Bibliografia
  • Abualfaraj, N. et al. (2018) “Monitoring and modeling the long-term rainfall-runoff response of the Jacob K. Javits Center green roof,” Water, 10(11), 1494. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111494.
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  • Buffam, I., Mitchell, M.E. and Durtsche, R.D. (2016) “Environmental drivers of seasonal variation in green roof runoff water quality,” Ecological Engineering, 91, pp. 506–514. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.02.044.
  • Burszta-Adamiak, E. (2020) “The influence of green roofs on runoff quality – 6 years of experience,” Desalination and Water Treatment, 186, pp. 394–405. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25448.
  • Carpenter, C.M.G. et al. (2016) “Water quantity and quality response of a green roof to storm events: Experimental and monitoring observations,” Environmental Pollution, 218, pp. 664–672. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.056.
  • Ferrans, P. et al. (2018) “Effect of green roof configuration and hydrological variables on runoff water quantity and quality,” Water, 10(7), 960. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10070960.
  • Hamouz, V. and Muthanna, T.M. (2019) “Hydrological modelling of green and grey roofs in cold climate with the SWMM model,” Journal of Environmental Management, 249, 109350. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109350.
  • Johannessen, B.G., Hanslin, H.M. and Muthanna, T.M. (2017) “Green roof performance potential in cold and wet regions,” Ecological Engineering, 106, pp. 436–447. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.06.011.
  • Johannessen, B., Muthanna, T. and Braskerud, B. (2018) “Detention and retention behavior of four extensive green roofs in three nordic climate zones,” Water, 10(6), 671. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060671.
  • Karczmarczyk, A., Bus, A. and Baryła, A. (2018) “Phosphate leaching from green roof substrates – Can green roofs pollute urban water bodies?,” Water, 10(2), 199. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020199.
  • Kok, K.H. et al. (2016) “Evaluation of green roof performances for urban stormwater quantity and quality controls,” International Journal of River Basin Management, 14(1), pp. 1–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2015.1048456.
  • Liu, H. et al. (2021) “Impacts of green roofs on water, temperature, and air quality: A bibliometric review,” Building and Environment, 196, 107794. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107794.
  • Liu, R. et al. (2020) “The influence of extensive green roofs on rainwater runoff quality: A field-scale study in southwest China,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12), pp. 12932–12941. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06151-5.
  • Meng, R. et al. (2021) “Influence of substrate layer thickness and biochar on the green roof capacity to intercept rainfall and reduce pollution in runoff,” Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 30(5), pp. 4085–4103. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/132810.
  • Mitchell, M.E. et al. (2017) “Elevated phosphorus: dynamics during four years of green roof development,” Urban Ecosystems, 20(5), pp. 1121–1133. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-017-0664-3.
  • Okita, J. et al. (2018) “Effect of green roof age on runoff water quality in Portland, Oregon,” Journal of Green Building, 13(2), pp. 42–54. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.2.42.
  • PN-EN ISO 10523:2012. Water quality. Determination of pH. Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny.
  • PN-EN 27888:1999. Water quality. Determination of electrical conductivity. Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny.
  • PN-EN 872-2007-1. Water quality. Determination of suspended solids – method by filtration through glass fibre filters. Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny.
  • PN-EN 1899-2:2002. Water quality. Determination of biochemical oxygen demand after n days (BODn). Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny.
  • PN-ISO 6060-2006.Water quality. Determination of the chemical oxygen demand. Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny.
  • PN ISO 5664:2002. Water quality. Determination of ammonium. Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny.
  • PN-EN 25663:2001. Water quality. Determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen. Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny.
  • PN-EN ISO 6878:2006. Water quality. Determination of phosphorus. Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny.
  • Palla, A., Gnecco, I. and La Barbera, P. (2018) “Assessing the hydrologic performance of a green roof retrofitting scenario for a small urban catchment,” Water, 10(8), 1052. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10081052.
  • Rocha, B. et al. (2021) “Are biocrusts and xerophytic vegetation a diable green roof typology in a Mediterranean Climate? A comparison between differently vegetated green roofs in water runoff and water quality,” Water, 13(1), 94. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13010094.
  • Rozporządzenie (2019) “Rozporządzenie Ministra Gospodarki Morskiej i Żeglugi Śródlądowej z dnia 12 lipca 2019 r. w sprawie substancji szczególnie szkodliwych dla środowiska wodnego oraz warunków, jakie należy spełnić przy wprowadzaniu do wód lub do ziemi ścieków, a także przy odprowadzaniu wód opadowych lub roztopowych do wód lub do urządzeń wodnych [Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation of 12 July 2019 on substances particularly harmful to the aquatic environment and the conditions to be met when introducing sewage into waters or into the ground, as well as when discharging rainwater or meltwater into waters or to water facilities],” Dz.U., 2019, poz. 1311.
  • Rozporządzenie (2021) “Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 25 czerwca 2021 r. w sprawie klasyfikacji stanu ekologicznego, potencjału ekologicznego i stanu chemicznego oraz sposobu klasyfikacji stanu jednolitych części wód powierzchniowych, a także środowiskowych norm jakości dla substancji priorytetowych [Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of June 25, 2021 on the classification of ecological status, ecological potential and chemical status and the method of classifying the status of surface water bodies, as well as environmental quality standards for priority substances],” Dz.U. 2021 poz. 1475.
  • Sakson, G., Brzezinska, A. and Zawilski, M. (2013) “Możliwości ograniczenia wpływu ścieków deszczowych odprowadzanych z obszarów zurbanizowanych na jakość wód powierzchniowych w aspekcie uregulowań prawnych [Prospects for reduction of the impact of wastewater discharge from urban areas on surface water quality in view of legal regulations],” Ochrona Środowiska, 39(2), pp. 27–38.
  • Seters van, T. et al. (2009) “Evaluation of green roofs for runoff retention, runoff quality, and leachability,” Water Quality Research Journal, 44(1), pp. 33–47. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2009.005.
  • Shafique, M., Kim, R. and Rafiq, M. (2018) “Green roof benefits, opportunities and challenges – A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 90, pp. 757–773. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.006.
  • Sobczyk, M. and Mrowiec, M. (2016) “Retention capacity of extensive green roofs,” Journal of Water and Land Development, 30(1), pp. 113–117. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2016-0027.
  • Teemusk, A. and Mander, Ü. (2011) “The influence of green roofs on runoff water quality: A case study from Estonia,” Water Resources Management, 25(14), pp. 3699–3713. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9877-z.
  • Todorov, D. et al. (2018) “Water quality function of an extensive vegetated roof,” Science of the Total Environment, 625, pp. 928–939. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.085.
  • Vijayaraghavan, K., Reddy, D.H.K. and Yun, Y.-S. (2019) “Improving the quality of runoff from green roofs through synergistic biosorption and phytoremediation techniques: A review,” Sustainable Cities and Society, 46, 101381. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.12.009.
  • Yao, L. et al. (2020) “Does the spatial location of green roofs affects runoff mitigation in small urbanized catchments?,” Journal of Environmental Management, 268, 110707. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110707.
  • Zhang, G. and He, B.-J. (2021) “Towards green roof implementation: Drivers, motivations, barriers and recommendations,” Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 58, 126992. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.126992.
  • Zheng, X. et al. (2021) “Green roofs for stormwater runoff retention: A global quantitative synthesis of the performance,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 170, 105577. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105577.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-d30bc807-4a13-4098-b7d0-2b049d88d0fd
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