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Evaluating knowledge about wildfires among firefighters and fire school cadets: a survey-based study

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Wildfires represent major threats to the natural environment and human life. The increasing global risk of forest fires, driven by climate change, has expanded to previously unaffected areas. Challenges in landscape fire prevention include inconsistent data reporting, fire services primarily specialized in urban-focused firefighting, and insufficient regional cooperation. Wildland firefighting is physically and mentally demanding, involving long shifts under hazardous conditions. A survey method was used to collect data and evaluate the knowledge of Polish firefighters, including active-duty personel and fire school cadets, regarding the environmental consequences of wildfires, relevant regulations, and management practices. Questionnaires were distributed through a professional firefighter forum and in collaboration with State Fire Service schools. The findings indicate that fire school cadets, in certain areas, demonstrate greater knowledge about forest fires than active-duty firefighters, suggesting that adapting the curriculum to current challenges is effective.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
81--100
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., tab., rys.
Twórcy
  • student, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
  • Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] Announcement of the Speaker of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland of December 7, 2023 on the declaration of the uniform text of the Environmental Protection Law Act (Polish Journal of Laws/Dz.U. from 2024 item 54). Bednar-Friedl, B. et al., (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.
  • [2] Benefield, V.L. et al., (2022). Evaluation of Mass Spectrometric Methods for Screening Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Particulate Phase of Wildfire/Biomass Smoke. Fire Technology, no. 58, pp. 1–20. doi: 10.1007/s10694-022-01327-x
  • [3] Beresford, N.A. et al., (2021). Wildfires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone-Risks and consequences. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, no. 17, pp. 1141–1150. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4424
  • [4] Bogunovic, I. et al., (2015). Influence of wildfire and fire suppression by seawater on soil properties. Applied ecology and environmental research, no. 4, pp. 1157–1169. doi: 10.15666/aeer/1304_11571169
  • [5] Caamano-Isorna, F. et al., (2011). Respiratory and mental health effects of wildfires: an ecological study in Galician municipalities (north-west Spain). Environmental Health, no. 21, pp. 10:48. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-48.
  • [6] Dietrich, J.P. et al., (2013). Toxicity of forest fire retardant chemicals to stream-type chinook salmon undergoing parr-smolt transformation. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, No. 32, pp. 236–247. doi:10.1002/etc.2052
  • [7] Dyrekcja Generalna Lasów Państwowych, (2020). Instrukcja ochrony przeciwpożarowej lasu. Warsaw: Ośrodek Rozwojowo-Wdrożeniowy Lasów Państwowych w Bedoniu.
  • [8] Fire and Aviation Management US Forest Service, (2021). Ecological risk assessment of wildland firefighting chemicals; long term fire retardants. https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/fire/ wfcs/documents/2021%20EcoRA-Retardants-Nov2021-final
  • [9] Gill, S. et al., (2021). Natural Disasters Related Traumatic Injuries/Fatalities in the United States and their Impact on Emergency Preparedness Operations. Journal of Trauma Nursing, No. 28, pp. 186–193. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000581
  • [10] Global Wildfire Information System. https://gwis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
  • [11] He, T. et al., (2019). Fire as a key driver of Earth’s biodiversity. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, no. 6, pp. 1983–2010. doi: 10.1111/brv.12544
  • [12] Jolly, C.J. et al., (2022), Animal mortality during fire. Global Change Biology, no. 6, pp. 2053–2065. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16044
  • [13] Helipoland, (2020). Lotnicze operacje przeciwpożarowe i gaśnicze. https://helipoland.com/pl/lotyspecjalistyczne/lotnicze-operacje-przeciwpozarowe-i-gasnicze/
  • [14] Jones, T.L. et al., (2013). A quick guide to survey research. The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, No. 95, pp. 5–7. doi: 10.1308/003588413X13511609956372
  • [15] KG PSP, (2023). Zasady organizacji modułów do gaszenia pożarów lasów przy użyciu pojazdów (GFFFV) utworzonych z zasobów Państwowej Straży Pożarnej w ramach Unijnego Mechanizmu Ochrony Ludności Unii Europejskiej. Warsaw.
  • [16] Król, B., (2022). Czym gasić las? Przegląd Pożarniczy. https://www.ppoz.pl/czytelnia/ratownictwo-iochrona-ludnosci/Czym-gasic-las/idn:2289
  • [17] Masson, O. et al., (2021). Europe-Wide Atmospheric Radionuclide Dispersion by Unprecedented Wildfires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, Environmental Science & Technology, no. 19, pp. 13834–13848. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03314
  • [18] Méndez-López, F. et al., (2022). The role of afforestation species as a driver of Hg accumulation in organic horizons of forest soils from a Mediterranean mountain area in SW Europe. Science of the Total Environment, no. 25, pp. 154345. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154345
  • [19] MILMAG Defense & Space, (2023). Pierwszy Black Hawk w Państwowej Straży Pożarnej. https://milmag.pl/pierwszy-black-hawk-w-panstwowej-strazy-pozarnej/
  • [20] Navarro, K.M. et al., (2019). Wildland firefighter smoke exposure and risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality. Environmental Research, no. 173, pp: 462–468. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.060
  • [21] Philips, A.W. et al., (2017). Proper Applications for Surveys as a Study Methodology. The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, no. 18, pp. 8–11. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2016.11.32000
  • [22] Regional Directorate of State Forests in Wrocław, (2022). Loty patrolowe i gaśnicze. https://www.wroclaw.lasy.gov.pl/loty-patrolowe-i-gasnicze-2022
  • [23] Regulation of the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration of June 7, 2010 on fire protection of buildings, other buildings and areas (Polish Journal of Laws/Dz.U. from 2010 no. 109 item 719).
  • [24] Romanello, M. et al., (2023). The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change:the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms. Lancet. no. 402, pp. 2346–2394. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01859-7
  • [25] San-Miguel-Ayanz. J. et al., (2013). Analysis of large fires in European Mediterranean landscapes: Lessons learned and perspectives. Forest Ecology and Management, no. 294, pp. 11–22. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.050
  • [26] San-Miguel-Ayanz, J. et al., (2019). Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2019. Publications Office of the European Union. JRC122115. 978-92-76-23209-4
  • [27] Stoof, C.R. et al., (2024). In temperate Europe, fire is already here: The case of The Netherlands. Ambio. no. 53, pp. 604–623. doi: 10.1007/s13280-023-01960-y
  • [28] Sugeng, E.J. et al., (2017). Toddler exposure to flame retardant chemicals: Magnitude, health concern and potential risk- or protective factors of exposure: Observational studies summarized in a systematic review. Chemosphere, no. 84, pp. 820–831. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.041
  • [29] Tornevi, A. et al., (2021). Respiratory Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke during Summer of 2018 in the Jämtland Härjedalen Region, Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. No. 18, pp. 6987. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136987
  • [30] Turco, M. et al., (2016). Decreasing Fires in Mediterranean Europe. PLoS One. no. e: 0150663. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150663
  • [31] Walker, A. et al., (2016). The impact of fire suppression tasks on firefighter hydration: a critical review with consideration of the utility of reported hydration measures. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, no. 15, pp. 28–33. doi: 10.1186/s40557-016-0152-x
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-d2ed1d2b-d1d2-439b-b8cd-4c0957d04494
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