Analysis of variations in heavy metal levels and soil microorganism counts resulting from shelling incidents in Ukraine

• Autorzy: Moliszewska Ewa , Bida Iryna , Matik Kacper , Ślusarczyk Aleksandra , Pawliczek Dominik , Havryliuk Olesia , Hovorukha Vira , Tashyrev Oleksandr

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/aep.2025.153752

Warianty tytułu

PL

Analiza zmian w poziomach metali ciężkich i liczbie mikroorganizmów glebowych w wyniku ostrzałów na Ukrainie

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Military activities affect soil conditions through contamination with metal-containing debris, such as projectile and rocket fragments, as well as bullet remnants, leading to the release of heavy metals and subsequent environmental contamination. The goal of our study was to examine the concentration of heavy metals in areas affected by shelling and to assess their impact on the population of soil microorganisms, including those exhibiting heavy-metal resistance. Metal concentrations were analyzed via an XRF analyzer. The study involved examining both soil samples and missile fragments. Microorganisms were isolated using Koch’s and Hungate’s roll tube methods. The concentration of iron in soil was the highest, reaching 8,1991.3±132.8 ppm. The concentration of other metals (Ni, Cu, Cr) varied between 407.5±8.0 ppm and 4.6±2.1 ppm. Cobalt compounds were not detected at the projectiles impact sites. The number of aerobic chemoorganotrophic bacteria in all soil samples was in the range of (1.8±0.2) × 105 – (3.7±0.2) × 105 CFU/g, while chromium-resistant bacteria were, on average, an order of magnitude fewer. The number of anaerobic microorganisms ranged from (1.4±0.2) × 105 to (2.6±0.2) × 105 CFU/g. A follow-up study conducted after three months indicated a tendency for an increase in both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including metal-resistant strains. Overall, the total number of microorganisms in all soil samples showed an upward trend. These results show that soil microbial communities may play a role in the detoxification of heavy metals in contaminated soils.

PL

Działania militarne negatywnie wpływają na warunki glebowe poprzez zanieczyszczenie odpadami zawierającymi metale, takimi jak fragmenty pocisków i rakiet, a także pozostałości pocisków. Materiały te ulegają korozji w glebie, co prowadzi do uwolnienia metali ciężkich i skażenia środowiska. Celem naszych badań było zbadanie stężenia metali ciężkich na obszarach dotkniętych ostrzałami i ocena wpływu tego zanieczyszczenia na populację mikroorganizmów glebowych, z uwzględnieniem mikroorganizmów odpornych na metale ciężkie. Stężenie metali (żelaza, chromu, miedzi, kobaltu i niklu) analizowano za pomocą przenośnego analizatora XRF Niton XL5 Plus. Badanie obejmowało zarówno próbki gleby, jak i fragmenty pocisków. Mikroorganizmy tlenowe z badanych próbek gleby izolowano metodą Kocha, natomiast beztlenowe oznaczano metodą rurkową Hungate’a. Stężenie żelaza okazało się najwyższe w glebie, do 81991,3±132,8 ppm. Stężenie innych metali (Ni, Cu, Cr) wahało się w granicach 407,5±8,0 - 4,6±2,1 ppm, w zależności od próbki. Związków kobaltu nie wykryto w miejscach trafień pocisków. Liczba tlenowych bakterii chemoorganotroficznych we wszystkich próbkach gleby mieściła się w zakresie (1,8±0,2) × 105 – (3,7±0,2) × 105 jtk/g, podczas gdy bakterii odpornych na chrom było średnio o rząd wielkości mniej. Liczba mikroorganizmów beztlenowych w próbkach mieściła się w zakresie (1,4±0,2) × 105 – (2,6±0,2) × 105 jtk/g próbki. Badanie kontrolne przeprowadzone po trzech miesiącach wykazało tendencję do wzrostu zarówno bakterii tlenowych, w tym odpornych na metale, jak i beztlenowych. W szczególności liczba tlenowych bakterii chemoorganotroficznych wzrosła do (1,0±0,2) × 106 jtk/g. Wyniki badań wskazują, że społeczności mikroorganizmów glebowych mogą odgrywać rolę w detoksykacji metali ciężkich w zanieczyszczonych glebach.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

soil; heavy metals; soil contamination; microorganisms; shelling

PL

gleba; metale ciężkie; mikroorganizmy; zanieczyszczenie gleby; pociski

• Wydawca: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Environmental Protection
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: Vol. 51, no. 1
• Strony: 83--91
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., fot., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Moliszewska Ewa

• Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, Poland

autor

Bida Iryna

• Department of Extremophilic Microorganisms Biology, D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

autor

Matik Kacper

• Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, Poland

autor

Ślusarczyk Aleksandra

• Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, Poland

autor

Pawliczek Dominik

• Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, Poland

autor

Havryliuk Olesia

• Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, Poland
• Laboratory of Sanitary and Environmental Microbiology (MSMLab)-UNESCO Chair on Sustainability, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Terrassa, Spain

autor

Hovorukha Vira

• Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, Poland
• Department of Extremophilic Microorganisms Biology, D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-5534

autor

Tashyrev Oleksandr

• Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, Poland
• Department of Extremophilic Microorganisms Biology, D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

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