One cause of pulse-like anomalies observed at Guza before the Wenchuan earthquake

• Autorzy: Zhou C. , Wang Q. , Zhu L. , Wang C.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s11600-018-0183-5

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Many precursor-like anomaly observations prior to the Wenchuan earthquake were reported and analyzed, especially the abnormal strain pulses observed at the Guza station, but there are few discussions of the causes. Stick–slip motion is the basis for description of a great variety of phenomena characterized by the presence of sliding friction. In this article, perturbed Sine–Gordon (SG) equation is established from Bykov’s unsteady-state slip model. Stable solitary solutions of displacement and strain dimension are obtained and nonlinear pulse propagation is simulated using finite-difference modeling, while numerical stability is obtained by the flux-corrected transport method. Considering the solution of SG equation as initial source, a comparison between the modeling results and actual data at the Guza station gives one possible interpretation for this anomaly. During the seismogenic process of the Wenchuan earthquake, faults may likely occur as stick–slip tectonic movements which might be described by SG equation and would generate solitary wave signal. This kind of pulse experiences a forward tilting distortion due to nonlinear effect of the Earth and is received by the borehole strainmeter. Two kinds of nonlinear effects could lead to these special pulses. One is the nonlinear effects in the wave propagation process, and the other is effects of friction and stress in the process of unsteady-state slip. Because of the convergence effect of pulse, the wave would be collapsed at a certain time due to an excessive increase in the tilt angle. Hence, this kind of pulse cannot propagate for a long distance.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Sine–Gordon equation; numerical modelling; earthquake dynamics; nonlinear wave propagation

PL

równanie Sinona-Gordona; modelowanie numeryczne; trzęsienie ziemi; propagacja fal nieliniowych

• Wydawca: Instytut Geofizyki PAN ; Springer
• Czasopismo: Acta Geophysica
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 66, no. 5
• Strony: 833--842
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 36 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Zhou C.

• Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake Administration Beijing China
• The Second Monitoring and Application CenterChina Earthquake Administration Xi’an China

autor

Wang Q.

• The Second Monitoring and Application CenterChina Earthquake Administration Xi’an China

autor

Zhu L.

• The Second Monitoring and Application CenterChina Earthquake Administration Xi’an China

autor

Wang C.

• The Second Monitoring and Application CenterChina Earthquake Administration Xi’an China

Bibliografia

• 1. Abeele KEVD (1996) Elastic pulsed wave propagation in media with second- or higher- order nonlinearity. Part I. Theoretical framework. J Acoust Soc Am 99(6):3334–3345. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.414890C
• 2. Brace WF, Byerlee JD (1966) Stick slip as a mechanism for earthquake. Science 153:990–992. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.153.3739.990
• 3. Burridge BR, Knopoff L (1967) Model and theoretical seismicity. Bull Seismol Soc Am 57:341–371
• 4. Byerlee JD (1978) Friction of rock. Pure Appl Geophys 116:615–626
• 5. Bykov VG (2000) Solitons in crustal faults. Vulkanologiya i Seismologiya 6:49–54
• 6. Bykov VG (2001) A model of unsteady-state slip motion on a fault in a rock sample. Izv Phys Solid Earth 37(6):484–488
• 7. Bykov VG (2008) Stick-slip and strain waves in the physics of earthquake rupture: experiments and models. Acta Geophys 56(2):270–285. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11600-008-0002-5
• 8. Bykov VG (2014) Sine–Gordon equation and its application to tectonic stress transfer. J Seismol 18:497–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-014-9422-7
• 9. Bykov VG (2015) Nonlinear waves and solitons in models of fault block geological media. Russ Geol Geophys 56:793–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.04.010CrossRefGoogle Scholar
• 10. Bykov VG, Trofimenko SV (2016) Slow strain waves in blocky geological media from GPS and seismological observations on the Amurian plate. Nonlinear Process Geophys 23:467–475. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-23-467-2016
• 11. Carlson JM (1991) Time intervals between characteristic earthquakes and correlations with smaller events: an analysis based on a mechanical. J Geophys Res 96(B3):4255–4267. https://doi.org/10.1029/90JB02474
• 12. Carlson JM, Langer JS (1989) Mechanical model of an earthquake fault. Phys Rev A 40(11):6470–6484. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.40.6470
• 13. Deng J, Li P, Ma T, Zhao L (2012) Analysis on a few kinds of low frequency events and their waveforms before Wenchuan earthquake. Acta Seismol Sin 34(2):157–170 (in Chinese)
• 14. Erickson B, Birnir B, Lavallee D (2011) Periodicity, chaos and localization in a Burridge–Knopoff model of an earthquake with rate-and-state friction. Geophys J Int 187:178–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05123.x
• 15. Fineberg J, Sharon E, Cohen G (2001) Crack front waves in dynamic fracture. Int J Fract 119(3):247–261
• 16. Geller RJ, Jackson DD, Kagan YY, Mulargia F (1997) Earthquakes cannot be predicted. Science 275:1616–1617. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5306.1616
• 17. Gershenzon NI, Bykov VG, Bambakidis G (2009) Strain waves, earthquakes, slow earthquakes, and afterslip in the framework of the Frenkel–Kontorova model. Phys Rev E 79(5):056601. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.056601
• 18. Gershenzon NI, Bambakidis G, Hauser E, Ghosh A, Creager KC (2011) Episodic tremor and slip in Cascadia in the framework of the Frenkel–Kontorova model. Geophys Res Lett 38:L01309. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045225
• 19. Hu X, Hao X (2009) An analysis of the influences of typhoon on anomalous tremors before the great Wenchuan and Kunlunshan earthquakes. Chin J Geophys 52(2):1363–1375 (in Chinese)
• 20. Jiang J, Yin G (2005) Comparison between borehole strain anomalies of two earthquakes recorded at Wushi station. J Geod Geodyn 25(3):91–95 (in Chinese)
• 21. Khazaei C, Hazzard J, Chalaturnyk R (2016) Discrete element modeling of stick–slip instability and induced microseismicity. Pure appl Geophys 173:775–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-015-1036-7
• 22. Liang W, Xu S, Mo J, Wu D, Zhang C (2010) Experimental research of strain rate effect on mechanical properties of salt rock. Chin J Rock Mechan Eng 29:43–50 (in Chinese)
• 23. Liu C, Liu J, Chen W, Li J, Xia Y, Cui X (2011) An integrated study of anomalies observed before four major earthquakes: 2004 Sumatra M9.3, 2006 Pingtung M7.0, 2007 Chuetsu Oki M6.8, and 2008 Wenchuan M8.0. J Asian Earth Sci 41:401–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.05.012
• 24. Ma T, Wu Z (2012) Precursor-like anomalies prior to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: a critical-but- constructive review. Int J Geophys 2012:583097. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/583097
• 25. Ouyang Z, Zhang H, Fu Z, Gou B, Jiang W (2009) Abnormal phenomena recorded by several earthquake precursor observation instruments before the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan, Sichuan earthquake. Acta Geol Sin 83:834–844. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00106.x
• 26. Qiu Z, Zhang B, Huang X, Ge L (1988) On the cause of ground stress tensile pulses observed before the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 88:989–994
• 27. Qiu Z, Zhang B, Chi S, Mo S (2011) Abnormal strain changes observed at Guza before the Wenchuan earthquake. Sci China-Earth Sci 54:233–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-4057-1
• 28. Qiu Z, Tang L, Zhang B, Guo Y (2013) In situ calibration of and algorithm for strain monitoring using four-gauge borehole strainmeters (FGBS). J Geophys Res 118:1609–1618. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50112
• 29. Reid H (1910) The California earthquake of April 18, 1906. Volume 2. The mechanics of the earthquake. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, Washington D C
• 30. Sharon E, Cohen G, Fineberg J (2001) Propagating solitary waves along a rapidly moving crack front. Nature 410:68–71
• 31. Takemoto S (1995) Recent results obtained from continuous monitoring of crustal deformation. J Phys Earth 43:407–420. https://doi.org/10.4294/jge1952.43.407
• 32. Vallianatos F, Tzanis A (1998) Electric current generation associated with the deformation rate of a solid: preseismic and coseismic signals. Phys Chem Earth 23:933–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-1946(98)00122-0
• 33. Vallianatos F, Triantis D, Tzanis A, Anastasiadis C, Stavrakas I (2004) Electric earthquake precursors: from laboratory results to field observations. Phys Chem Earth 29:339–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2003.12.003
• 34. Wang Q, Qiao X, Lan Q, Jeffrey F, Yang S, Xu C, Yang Y, You X, Tan K, Chen G (2011) Rupture of deep faults in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and uplift of the Longmen Shan. Nat Geosci 4:634–640. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1210
• 35. Wu Z, Chen Y (1998) Solitary wave in a Burridge–Knopoff model with slip-dependent friction as a clue to understanding the mechanism of the self-healing slip pulse in an earthquake rupture process. Nonlinear Process Geophys 5(3):121–125. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-5-121-1998
• 36. Zhou C, Wang Q (2015) One-dimension nonlinear and dispersive seismic wave modeling in solid media. Acta Phys Sinica 64:239101. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.64.239101 (in Chinese)