Required and safe evacuation times – theory versus practice in a medical facility setting

• Autorzy: Długosz Marek , Marzec Marek , Kowalski Wojciech , Krauze Andrzej , Madej-Węgier Klaudia , Piec Robert , Szykuła-Piec Barbara , Wolny Paweł

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0055.0606

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Evacuation safety in medical facilities, such as hospitals, is a key element of emergency management, especially in the context of people with limited mobility. The article discusses the specifics of evacuation in hospitals, which are facilities with complex infrastructure and require adjustments to accommodate people with disabilities. Research conducted at a specialized hospital showed that actual evacuation times differ significantly from the theoretical model used in the British standard. The article provides an analysis of sources of such discrepancies, discusses assumptions of PD 7974-6 standard and its applicability.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

emergency evacuation; indoor wayfinding; people with disabilities; evacuation drill; computer simulation; accessibility

• Wydawca: Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: Nr 93 (tom 1)
• Strony: 59--79
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 21 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Długosz Marek

• Independent author

• https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0102-4613

autor

Marzec Marek

• Fire University, Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-2465

autor

Kowalski Wojciech

• Fire University, Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0188-830X

autor

Krauze Andrzej

• Fire University, Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9324-4535

autor

Madej-Węgier Klaudia

• Fire University, Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-2918

autor

Piec Robert

• Fire University, Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5234-5639

autor

Szykuła-Piec Barbara

• Fire University, Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-232X

autor

Wolny Paweł

• Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2161-4506

Bibliografia

• [1] British Standards Institution, (2019). PD 7974-6 The application of fire safety engineering principles to fire safety design of buildings. Part 6, Human factors: life safety strategies: occupant evacuation behaviour and condition, Vol. 3, p. 49.
• [2] Chołuj, Ł., (2012). Bezpieczna ewakuacja a założenia scenariusza pożarowego (Safe evacuation and established fire scenario). Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza, Vol. 3, pp. 127–130. In Polish
• [3] Dorsz, A., Zugaj, M., Łącki, W., Krauze, A. and Zawrotniak, A., (2024). Wytyczne weryfikacji instalacji wentylacji strumieniowej garaży zamkniętych za pomocą symulacji CFD, Krasuski, A., (ed.). Warsaw: Fire Univeristy. doi: 10.70402/apoz.2024.wytycznecfd
• [4] Elisala, N.T.A.M.M.M.T., (2020). Exploring persons with disabilities preparedness, perceptions and experiences of disasters in Tuvalu. PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, Vol. 15, No. 10, pp. 1–19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241180
• [5] Hashemi, M., (2018). Emergency evacuation of people with disabilities: A survey of drills, simulations, and accessibility. Cogent Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1–20. doi: 10.1080/23311916.2018.1506304
• [6] Hopkin, C., Spearpoint, M. and Hopkin, D., (2019). A Review of Design Values Adopted for Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area. Fire Technology, Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 1599–1618. doi: 10.1007/s10694-019-00834-8
• [7] Hurley, M., Gottuk, D., Hall, J.R., Harada, K., Kuligowski, E., Puchovsky, M., Torero, J., et al., (2016). Appendix 3: Fuel Properties and Combustion Data. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th ed. New York: Springer.
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• [10] Kuziora, Ł., (2024). Stochastyczny model działań gaśniczych jednostek państwowej straży pożarnej jako element oceny ryzyka pożarowego budynków. Doctoral dissertation. Warsaw: Fire University.
• [11] McGlown, K.J., (2001). Evacuation of Health Care Facilities: A New Twist to a Classic Model. Natural Hazards Review, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 90–99. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2001)2:2(90)
• [12] McGrattan, K., Hostikka, S., Floyd, J., McDermott, R., Vanella, M. and Mueller, E., (2024a). Fire Dynamics Simulator. Technical Reference Guide. Volume 3: Validation, Gaithersburg, MD, doi:10.6028/NIST.SP.1018
• [13] McGrattan, K., Hostikka, S., Floyd, J., McDermott, R., Vanella, M. and Mueller, E., (2024b). Fire Dynamics Simulator. User’s Guide, Gaithersburg, MD. doi: 10.6028/NIST.SP.1019
• [14] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration, (2010). Regulation of the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration of 7 June 2010 on fire protection of buildings, other construction objects and lands, Poland (Polish Journal of Laws/Dz.U. from 2023 item 822 as amended).
• [15] National Fire Protection Association, (2024). NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, 2024 Edition.
• [16] Proulx, G., (2002). Evacuation Planning for Occupants with Disability. doi: 10.4224/20378862
• [17] Purser, D.A. and McAllister, J.L., (2016). Assessment of Hazards to Occupants from Smoke, Toxic Gases, and Heat. In Hurley, M.J., Gottuk, D., Hall, J.R., Harada, K., Kuligowski, E., Puchovsky, M., Torero, J., et al. (eds.), SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 2308–2428. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0_63
• [18] Sejm of the Republic of Poland (1991), Act on Health Care Facilities (Polish Journal of Laws/Dz.U.from 2007 No 14 item 89 as amended).
• [19] Sejm of the Republic of Poland (2011), Medical Activities Act (Polish Journal of Laws/Dz.U. z 2024 item 799 as amended).
• [20] Thomas, P.H., (1981). Testing products and materials for their contribution to flashover in rooms. Fire and Materials, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 103–111. doi: 10.1002/fam.810050305
• [21] Wolny, P., (2021). Holistyczne podejście do problemu ewakuacji. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).