The mechanical properties and the microstructural degradation effect in an old low carbon steels after 100-years operating time

• Autorzy: Lesiuk G. , Szata M. , Bocian M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1016/j.acme.2015.06.004

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper presents the results of historical types of steel after over 100 years of operating. The object of interest were parts of steel structure of the hall historic 19th-century Main Railway Station in Wroclaw. The study has shown the presence of the microstructural degradation processes in puddled steel. In all the analysed steels (low carbon puddled steel) microstructure degradation processes were related to: presence of numerous precipitations of carbides and nitrides (or the carbides–nitrides) of iron inside the ferrite grains, presence of continuous precipitations of cementite at ferrite grain boundaries. In order to restore the initial state of the microstructure, all tests were carried out in two stages of heat treatment; as-received state and after the normalisation (950 °C, 2 h, cooled in air) state. The microstructures degradation significantly influenced the mechanical properties. Its influence is most strongly emphasized in the impact resistance test results. It has been shown that the presence of degradation processes significantly changes the type of fracture; from ductile to the cleavage. This fact is well illustrated by the SEM-images of crack path. Results of the fatigue crack growth rate test indicate for worsening of resistance to the fatigue crack propagation of the material depending on the degree of degradation processes intensity in tested steel. The differences in the kinetics of fatigue cracking are also well illustrated by the SEM-images along the fatigue crack path. The authors have proposed a new kinetic equation of the fatigue crack growth rate for puddled steel.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

puddled steel; fatigue crack growth rate; microstructure degradation

PL

pęknięcia; stal; degradacja mikrostruktury

• Wydawca: Springer ; Wrocław University of Science and Technology
• Czasopismo: Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 15, no. 4
• Strony: 786--797
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 22 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Lesiuk G.

• Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Materials Engineering, Smoluchowskiego 25, PL50370 Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Szata M.

• Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Materials Engineering, Smoluchowskiego 25, PL50370 Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Bocian M.

• Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Materials Engineering, Smoluchowskiego 25, PL50370 Wroclaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] J. Bień, Damage to Bridges and Diagnostics, Wydawnictwo Komunikacji i Łaczności, Warszawa, 2010 (in Polish).
• [2] J. Bień, Durability as a criterion in the management of bridge infrastructure, in: D.W. Edukacyjne (Ed.), Trwalość obiektów mostowych, Politechnika Wrocawska, Dolnoślaska Izba Inżynierów Budownictwa, Zwiazek Mostowców Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, 2012 97–114 (in Polish).
• [3] G. Lesiuk, Microstructural and Mechanical Degradation of 19th Puddled Steel (PhD thesis), Wroclaw University of Technology, 2013 (in Polish).
• [4] V. Panasyuk, M. Schuller, H. Nykyforchyn, A. Kutnyi, Corrosion-hydrogen degradation of the shukhov lattice construction steels, in: 20th European Conference on Fracture, Procedia Materials Science 3 (2014) 282–287. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.06.049.
• [5] C. Cremona, A. Patron, B. Johansson, T. Larsson, B. Eichler, S. Hohler, Improved assessment methods for static and fatigue resistance of old steel railway bridges, in: Project co-founded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002–2006), 2007.
• [6] Bridging the gap – restoring and rebuilding the nation's bridges, Tech. rep., American Association of State Highway and Transportations Officials, 2008.
• [7] Z. Cywiński, In the case of the useful lifetime of puddled steel in bridges, in: Konferencja Naukowo-Techniczna: ‘‘Metody badań i oceny stanu technicznego mostów stalowych’’, Stow. inż. i tech. komunik. Zarz. Gł., Gdańsk, 1984 56–69 (in Polish).
• [8] G. Pekalski, Degradation processes of steel structures of bridges wroclaw late 19th and early 20th century – manuscript, Tech. rep., Institute of Materials Science and Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, 2007 (in Polish).
• [9] G. Pekalski, Grey cast iron as construction material of bridges from the 18th and 19th century, Archives of Foundry Engineering 11 (34/2) (2011) 175–179.
• [10] R. Helmerich, Alte Stähle und Stahlkonstruktionen. Materialuntersuchungen. Ermüdungsversuche an orginalen Brückenträgern und Messungen von 1990 bis 2003, Tech. rep., Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und Prüfung (BAM), Berlin, 2005 (in German).
• [11] G. Lesiuk, M. Szata, Fatigue properties and fatigue crack growth in puddled steel with consideration of microstructural degradation processes after 100-years operating time, Procedia Engineering 74 (2014) 64–67. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. proeng.2014.06.225.
• [12] F. Staub, Metallurgy, Publishing House, Ślask, 1972 (in Polish).
• [13] S. Chatterjee, The Design of the Modern Steel Bridge, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 2004.
• [14] W.-F. Chen, L. Duan, Bridge Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, New York, US, 2014.
• [15] G. Lesiuk, M. Szata, Aspects of structural degradation in steels of old bridges by means of fatigue crack propagation, Materials Science (New York) 47 (1) (2011) 82–88, doi:10.1007/ s11003-011-9371-z.
• [16] E. Buckingham, On physically similar systems: illustrations of the use of dimensional equations, Physical Review 4 (1914) 345–376.
• [17] G. Barenblatt, L. Botvina, Incomplete self-similarity of fatigue in the linear range of fatigue crack growth, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 3 (3) (1980) 193–202.
• [18] M. Ciavarella, M. Paggi, A. Carpinteri, One, no one, and one hundred thousand crack propagation laws: A generalized Barenblatt and Botvina dimensional analysis approach to fatigue crack growth, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids (2008) 3416–3432.
• [19] P. Paris, F. Erdogan, A critical analysis of crack propagation laws, Journal of Basic Engineering, Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 85 (1963) 528–534.
• [20] A.M. de Jesus, A.L. da Silva, J.A. Correia, Fatigue of riveted and bolted joints made of puddle iron an – experimental approach, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 104 (2015) 81–90. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.10.012.
• [21] D. Hull, Fractography, Observing, Measuring and Interpreting Fracture Surface Topography, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1999.
• [22] D. Taylor, in: D. Taylor (Ed.), The Theory of Critical Distances, Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford, 2007, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ B978-008044478-9/50000-4.