Potential effects of abiotic factors on the abundance and distribution of the plankton in the Western Harbour, south-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt

• Autorzy: Heneash A. M. M. , Tadrose H. R. Z. , Hussein M. M. A. , Hamdona S. K. , Abdel-Aziz N. , Gharib S. M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1016/j.oceano.2014.09.003

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Samples were collected seasonally from Western Harbour during winter 2012–winter 2013 to examine spatial and temporal variability in phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance in relation to physicochemical parameters. Water was alkaline and well oxygenated. Nutrient concentrations were generally high and related to inflow of discharged waters. A total of 157 and 106 of phytoplankton and zooplankton species were recorded, respectively. The average plankton population was 4 × 106 cells l^-1 in terms of phytoplankton and 24 × 103 ind. m^-3 in terms of zooplankton. Seasonal differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition of both communities in the different stations were marked. Eutreptiella belonging to class Euglenophyceae overwhelming during spring, reaching an average of 17 × 106 cells l^-1. The genus previously was recorded as rare form in the Egyptian waters and may have been introduced via ballast water. Except in spring, copepods were the most abundant group and tintinnid abundances generally increased in spring. The ranges of Shannon diversity indices indicate disturbance level and sometimes high productivity. Salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH may be responsible for the variations in phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure. The results indicate that not only the discharged water make the harbour at risk, but also the ballast water is not less dangerous, and so, we emphasize the need for activation of the ballast water management IMO Ballast Water Management Conventions to reduce the risk of future species invasions.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

phytoplankton; zooplankton; environmental variables; diversity index; Western Harbour

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology ; Elsevier
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: No. 57 (1)
• Strony: 61--70
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 61 poz., tab., wykr., mapy

Twórcy

autor

Heneash A. M. M.

• National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, 21556, Egypt

autor

Tadrose H. R. Z.

• National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, 21556, Egypt

autor

Hussein M. M. A.

• National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, 21556, Egypt

autor

Hamdona S. K.

• National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, 21556, Egypt

autor

Abdel-Aziz N.

• National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, 21556, Egypt

autor

Gharib S. M.

• National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, 21556, Egypt

Bibliografia

• [1] Abdel-Aziz, N.E., 2000. Zooplankton dynamics and ecology of an eutrophic area, Egypt. Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res. 18 (2), 110—121.
• [2] Abdel-Aziz, N.E., 2001. Zooplankton in beach waters of the south-eastern Abu Qir Bay. J. Egypt Acad. Soc. Environ. Dev. 2 (4), 31—53.
• [3] Abdel-Aziz, N.E., 2002. Impact of water circulation and discharged wastes on zooplankton dynamics in the Western Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. Egypt J. Aquat. Biol. Fish. 6 (1), 1—21.
• [4] Al-Kandari, M., Al-Yamani, F., Al-Rifaie, K., 2009. Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait's Waters. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, ISBN: 99906-41-24-2.
• [5] Anderson, D.M., Glibert, P.M., Burkholder, J.M., 2002. Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: nutrient sources, composition, and consequences. Estuaries 25, 704—726.
• [6] Anderson, D.M., Hoagland, P., Kaoru, Y., White, A.W., 2000. Estimated Annual Economic Impacts from Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in the Unites States. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA.
• [7] APHA, 1995. Standard Methods, 19th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
• [8] Bauman, A.G., Burt, J.A., Feary, D.A., Marquis, E., Usseglio, P., 2010. Tropical harmful algal blooms: an emerging threat to coral reef communities? Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60, 2117—2122.
• [9] Bravo-Sierra, E., 2004. Potentially toxic and harmful phytoflagellates from the Mexican Pacific coasts. Rev. Biol. Trop. 52, 5—16.
• [10] Domingues, R.B., Anselmo, T.P., Barbosa, A.B., Sommer, U., Galvão, H.M., 2011. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in the freshwater tidal zone of a turbid, Mediterranean estuary. Estuarine Coast. Shelf Sci. 91 (January (2)), 282—297 ISSN: 0272-7714.
• [11] Dorgham, M.M., Abdel-Aziz, N.E., El-Deeb, K.Z., Okbah, M.A., 2004. Eutrophication problems in the Western Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. Oceanologia 46, 25—44.
• [12] Dorgham, M.M., EL-Samra, M.I., Mostafa, Th., 1987. Phytoplankton in an area of multi-polluting factors, west of Alexandria, Egypt. Qatar Univ. Sci. Bull. 7, 393—419.
• [13] Farag, M., 1982. Circulation patterns and hydrographic structure of El-Mex and Western Harbour area. M.Sc. Thesis, Fac. Sci., Alexandria Univ., Egypt.
• [14] Gallienne, C.P., Robins, D.B., 2001. Is Oithona the most important copepod in the world's oceans? J. Plankton Res. 23 (12), 1421— 1432.
• [15] Gárate-Lizárraga, I., Pérez-Cruz, B., Díaz-Ortíz, J., Band-Schmidt, C. J., 2008. Microalgas y biotoxinas marinas en las costas mexicanas. Conversus 9, 22—26.
• [16] Gharib, S.M., 2006. Effect of freshwater flow on the succession and abundance of phytoplankton in Rosetta Estuary, Egypt. Int. J. Ocean Oceanogr. 1, 207—225.
• [17] Gharib, S.M., Dorgham, M.M., 2006. Eutrophication stress on phytoplankton community in the Western Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. Int. J. Ocean Oceanogr. 1 (1), 261—273.
• [18] Gharib, S.M., El-Sherif, Z.M., Abdel-Halim, M., Radwan, A., 2011. Phytoplankton and environmental variables as a water quality indicator for the beaches at Matrouh, south-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt: an assessment. Oceanologia 53 (3), 819—836.
• [19] Gollasch, S., 2002. The importance of ship fouling as a vector of species introductions into the North Sea. Biofouling 18, 105—121.
• [20] Govindasamy, C., Kannan, L., 1991. Ecology of rotifers of the Pichavaram mangroves (Southeast coast of India), a hydrographical approach. Mahasagar 24, 39—45.
• [21] Govindasamy, C., Kannan, L., Jayapaul, A., 2000. Seasonal variation in physico-chemical properties and primary production in the coastal water biotopes of Coromandel coast, India. J. Environ. Biol. 21, 1—7.
• [22] Hassan, M.H., Saad, N.N., 1996. Some studies on the effect of Alexandria Western Harbour on the coastal waters. In: Sixth International Conf. on “Environmental Protection is a Must”, Alexandria, Egypt, 464—478.
• [23] Ignatiades, L., Karydis, M., Vounatsou, P., 1992. A possible method for evaluating oligotrophy and eutrophication based on nutrient concentrations. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 24 (5), 238—243, http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/0025-326X(92)90561-J.
• [24] Jeong, H.J., Kim, T.H., Yoo, Y.D., Yoon, E.Y., Kim, J.S., Seong, K.A., Kim, K.Y., Park, J.Y., 2011. Grazing impact of heterotrophic dinoflagellates and ciliates on common red-tide euglenophyte Eutreptiella gymnastica in Masan Bay, Korea. Harmful Algae 10, 576—588.
• [25] Kolar, C.S., Lodge, D.M., 2001. Progress in invasion biology: predicting invaders. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16, 199—204.
• [26] Konovalova, G.V., 2003. State of research on flagellate algae in the Russian waters of the Far Eastern seas. Int. J. Algae 5, 33—46.
• [27] Labib, W., 2002. Phytoplankton variability in the Eastern Harbour (Alexandria, Egypt). Egypt J. Aquat. Biol. Fish. 6 (2), 75—102.
• [28] Lampitt, R.S., Gamble, J.C., 1982. Diet and respiration of the small planktonic marine Copepod Oithona nana. Mar. Biol. 66, 185—190.
• [29] Marchetti, R., 1984. Quadro analitico complessivo del risultati delle indagini condotte negli anni 1977—1980. II.In: Problema dell'eu-trofizzazione delle acque costiere dell'Emilia Romagna: situazione ipotesi di intervento, Regione Emilia Romagna, Bologna, p. 308.
• [30] Marques, S.C., Azeiteiro, M.U., Marques, J.C., Neto, J.M., Pardal, M. Â., 2006. Zooplankton and ichthyoplankton communities in a temperate estuary: spatial and temporal patterns. J. Plankton Res. 28, 297—312.
• [31] McGeoch, M.A., Butchart, S.H.M., Spear, D., Marais, E., Kleynhans, E. J., Symes, A., Chanson, J., Hoffmann, M., 2010. Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Divers. Distrib. 16, 95—108.
• [32] Mills, C.E., 2001. Jellyfish blooms: are populations increasing globally in response to changing ocean conditions? Hydrobiologia 451, 55—68.
• [33] Moncheva, S., Gotsis-Skretas, O., Pagou, K., Krastev, A., 2001. Phytoplankton blooms in black sea and Mediterranean coastal ecosystems subjected to anthropogenic eutrophication: similarities and differences. Estuarine Coast. Shelf Sci. 53, 281—295.
• [34] Nessim, R.B., Tadros, A.B., 1986. Distribution of nutrient salts in the water and pore water of the Western Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. Bull. Natl. Inst. Oceanogr. Fish. (Egypt) 12, 165—174.
• [35] Nessim, R.B., Zaghloul, F.A., 1991. Nutrients and chlorophyll in the polluted Kait Bey region, Alexandria. In: Proc. Symp. Mar. Chem. in the Arab Region, Suez, April 1991, 71—80.
• [36] Newton, A., Icely, J.D., Falcao, M., Nobre, A., Nunues, J.P., Ferreira, J.G., Vale, C., 2003. Evaluation of the eutrophication in the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon, Portugal. Cont. Shelf Res. 23, 1945—1961.
• [37] Olli, K., Heiskanen, A.S., Seppälä, J., 1996. Development and fate of Eutreptiella gymnastica bloom in nutrient-enriched enclosures in the coastal Baltic Sea. J. Plankton Res. 18, 1587—1604.
• [38] Paranjape, M.A., 1990. Microzooplankton herbivory on the Grand Bank (Newfoundland Canada): a seasonal study. Mar. Biol. 10, 321—328.
• [39] Peña, V., Pinilla, G.A., 2002. Composiciòn, distribuciòn y abundancia de la comunidad fitoplanctònica de la Ensenada de Utria, Pacifica colombiano. Rev. Biol. Mar. Oceanogr. 37, 67—81.
• [40] Reynolds, C.S., 2006. Ecology of Phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press.
• [41] Richard, S., Jamet, J., 2001. An unusual distribution of Oithona nana Giesbrecht (1892) (Crustacea: Cyclopoida) in a bay: the case of Toulon Bay (France, Mediterranean Sea). J. Coast. Res. 17, 957—963.
• [42] Rojas-Herrera, A.A., Violante-González, J., García-Ibáñez, S., Sevilla-Torres, V.M.G., Gil-Guerrero, J.S., Flores-Rodríguez, P., 2012. Temporal variation in the phytoplankton community of Acapulco Bay, Mexico. Microbiol. Res. 13—19.
• [43] Ruiz, G.M., Fofonoff, P.W., Carlton, J.T., Wonham, M., Hines, A.H., 2000. Invasion of coastal marine communities in North America, apparent patterns, processes, and biases. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 31, 481—531.
• [44] Saad, S.G., Abouzid, G., Saad, L.M., Mitwally, H., 1993. Impact of pollution in Alexandria Harbour. Bull. High Inst. Publ. Health 23 (3), 627—642.
• [45] Saad, M.A.H., Beltagy, A.I., Mahmoud, W.M., 2003. Total dissolved and particulate lead in the Western Harbour of Alexandria, a Mediterranean basin under stress. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 47 (Spec. Issue), 52—58.
• [46] Shannon, C.E., Wiener, 1963. The Mathematical Theory of Communications. University of Illinois, Urbana, 117 pp.
• [47] Sherr, E.B., Sherr, B.F., 1994. Bacterivory and herbivory: key roles of phagotrophic protists in pelagic food webs. Microb. Ecol. 28, 233—235.
• [48] Shriadah, M.M., Tayel, F.T., 1992. Environmental conditions of the Western Harbour of Alexandria, I-Physico-chemical characteristics. Bull. High Inst. Publ. Health, Alexandria, Egypt 22 (3), 213—228.
• [49] Sridhar, R.T., Thangaradjou, S., Senthil, K., Kannan, L., 2006. Water quality and phytoplankton characteristics in the Palk Bay, south-east coast of India, J. Environ. Biol. 27, 561—566.
• [50] Stonik, I., 2007. Species of the genus Eutreptiella (Eugleno-phyceae) from Russian waters of East/Japan Sea. Ocean Sci. J. 42, 81—88.
• [51] Sushanth, V., Rajashekhar, M., 2012. Seasonal variation in diatoms in response to physico-chemical characteristics of coastal waters of Uttara Kannada district, West Coast of India. Int. J. Environ. Sci. 2, 1543—1552.
• [52] Tadros, A.B., Nessim, R.B., 1988. The occurrence and distribution of some trace elements in Alexandria Western Harbour. In: 2nd Chemistry Conference, Fac. of Sci. Alex. Univ. 221—239.
• [53] Throndsen, J., 1993. The planktonic marine flagellates. In: Thomas, C.R. (Ed.), Marine Phytoplankton: A Guide to Naked Flagellates and Coccolithophorids. Academic Press Inc., London, 7—145.
• [54] Turkoglu, M., 2008. Synchronous blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Hay & Mohler and three dinoflagellates in the Dardanelles (Turkish Straits System). J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 88 (3), 433—441.
• [55] Turkoglu, M., Koray, T., 2004. Algal blooms in surface waters of the Sinop Bay in the Black Sea, Turkey. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 7, 1577—1585.
• [56] Utermöhl, H., 1958. Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen phytoplankton — methodik. Mitt. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol. 9, 1—38.
• [57] Uye, S., Shimazu, T., Yamamuro, M., Ishitobi, Y., Kamiya, H., 2000. Geographical and seasonal variations in mesozooplankton abundance and biomass in relation to environmental parameters in Lake Shinji—Ohashi River—Lake Nakaumi brackish—water system. Jpn. J. Mar. Syst. 26, 193—207.
• [58] Vasilievich, A., Mazzocchi, M.G., Kideys, A.E., Toklu, B., Skryabin, V. A., 2003. Seasonal changes in the composition and abundance of zooplankton in the seas of the Mediterranean Basin. Turk. J. Zool. 27, 205—219.
• [59] Walne, P.L., Kivic, P.A., 1990. Phylum Euglenida. In: Margulis, L., Corliss, J.O., Melkonian, M., Chapman, D.J. (Eds.), Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, 270—287.
• [60] Zaghloul, F.A., 1994. Phytoplankton dynamics in the Western Harbour of Alexandria Egypt. Bull. Nat. Inst. Oceanogr. Fish. 20 (1), 107—117.
• [61] Zaghloul, F.A., 1996. Further studies on the assessment of eutrophication in Alexandria harbours Egypt. Bull. Fac. Sci. (Alexandria Univ.) 36 (1), 281—294.