The impact of the Covid-19 virus on the economic situation of enterprises in EU countries

• Autorzy: Luty Lidia , Zioło Monika , Zuzek Dagmara

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.29119/1641-3466.2025.215.18

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the diversity of EU countries in terms of the economic situation of enterprises, characterised by key indicators describing, among other things, turnover per employee, employment growth and investment growth per employee. In addition to presenting the differentiation of EU countries in terms of the economic situation of enterprises, the dynamics of change of the selected indicators in 2020 compared to 2015 and in 2015 compared to 2010 are also presented. Methodology: The economic situation of enterprises in EU countries was assessed using annual data from 2010 to 2020. Increase rates were used to describe the time series. In a second step, EU countries were classified by the economic situation of enterprises using a synthetic variable. Findings: Based on the results obtained, it can be seen that the country with the highest investment per worker in recent years is Ireland, which has the most favorable values of the analyzed indicators and is in the first position in the ranking. Ireland's economy is characterized by significant foreign investment in the booming technology sector. However Germany, thanks to its strong economy, regularly increases its investment per employee, which supports its longterm growth. Lithuania has also recorded a significant increase in investment per employee, which may be due to the country's dynamic economic development. Countries with relatively low labour costs, such as Poland and Slovakia, are dominated by industrial sectors where the share of labour costs (W3 and W4) is relatively low compared to the value of production. In contrast, in countries such as Austria and France, high labour costs, extensive social systems and more labour-intensive sectors make personnel costs a larger share of total production costs. The transition to remote working caused by the COVID-19 pandemic meant a reduction in employment, automation and digitisation of business processes, which negatively affected the value of W5 in 25 of the 27 countries analysed and caused a reduction in employment in these countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a diverse impact on businesses in the EU. Although many companies struggled with the crisis and the decline in turnover and the need to reduce staff, some sectors managed to adapt and even develop. In the long term, the pandemic accelerated digital transformation processes and the need to invest in the automation. Originality/value: The impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on employment has been of great importance. Therefore, an innovative approach to analyzing this issue becomes essential for current and future research in this area. This is confirmed by the presented research.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

economic indicator; EU countries; personnel costs

PL

wskaźnik ekonomiczny; kraje UE; koszty personalne

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: z. 215
• Strony: 283--296
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 12 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Luty Lidia

• Department of Statistics and Social Policy, University of Agriculture in Krakow

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8250-8331

autor

Zioło Monika

• Department of Statistics and Social Policy, University of Agriculture in Krakow

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0884-4083

autor

Zuzek Dagmara

• Department of Statistics and Social Policy, University of Agriculture in Krakow

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7620-1621

Bibliografia

• 1. Annual SME Report 2022/2023 (2024). Publications Office of the EU.
• 2. Eurostat - EU SMEs: An Overview (2024). European Commission.
• 3. Fana, M., Tolan, S., Torrejón, S., Urzi Brancati, C., Fernández-Macías, E. (2020). The COVID confinement measures and EU labour markets, EUR 30190 EN. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, ISBN 978-92-79-18812-4 doi:10.2760/079230, JRC120578.
• 4. Hamann, S., Niebuhr, A., Roth, D., Sieglen, G. (2023). How does the Covid-19 pandemic affect regional labor markets and why do large cities suffer most? Journal of Regional Science, 63, 1228-1250. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12662
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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).