Emission Factors for Combustion of Biomass Fuels in the Pulp and Paper Mills

• Autorzy: Tarnawski W.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wskaźniki emisji spalania biomasy w przemyśle celulozowo - papierniczym

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

As one of the biggest wood consumers, pulp and paper mills are full participants in the C⇒CO2⇒C cycle. Thanks to the production of climate-neutral biomass fuels recovered from pulping (including cellulose for textile applications, i.e. fibre manufacturing) and papermaking waste, carbon dioxide emission from biomass combustion as neutral is not counted in the inventory. In this paper, the main grades of biomass waste are defined. The Kyoto Protocol target on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and methods of emission estimation are discussed. The available information on methane and nitrous oxide emission factors from different biomass boilers and other sources are collected. At the end, we present and discuss the factors of the other gas emissions from recovery boilers, lime kilns and BFB boilers when burning fuel mixture of wood waste, sludge and peat.

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie wielkości emisji gazów cieplarnianych, pochodzących ze spalania biomasy w przemyśle celulozowo-papierniczym. Podczas spalania biomasy, wytwarzany i emitowany jest CO2, atmosferyczny dwutlenek węgla pochłaniany przez rosnące drzewa. Następuje zamknięcie cyklu węglowego. Chociaż CO2 będący wynikiem spalania biomasy jest wyłączany z bilansu gazów cieplarnianych, to jednak czasami pojawia się metan i tlenki azotu. W artykule przedstawiono współczynniki emisji dla CH4 i N2O. Dołączono przykład obliczenia emisji gazów dla celulozowni i papierni.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

CO2 cycle; CO2 neutral; neutral biomass; black liquor; bark; wood rejects; BFB (bubbling fluidised bed) and CFB (circulating fluidised bed) boilers; fuels properties; GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions; emission factors; methane; nitrous dioxide; SO2; H2S; NOx; TRS (Total Reduce Sulphur); CO

PL

cykl CO2; CO2 neutralna; biomasa neutralna; ług czarny; kora; odrzuty drewna; kotły BFB (stacjonarne złoże fluidalne) i CFB (obiegowe złoże fluidalne); właściwości paliw; emisja gazów cieplarnianych; wskaźniki emisji; metan; dwutlenek azotu; SO2; H2S; NOx; TRS (Total Reduce Sulphur); CO

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Łódzki Instytut Technologiczny
• Czasopismo: Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: Vol. 12, no. 3 (47)
• Strony: 91--95
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 13 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Tarnawski W.

• Technical University of Łódź, Institute of Papermaking and Printing, ul. Wólczańska 223, 93-005 Łódź, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Forest Products Association of Canada, 2002 Annual Review. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
• 2. Confederation of European Paper Industries. 2002 Annual Report. Brussels, Belgium.
• 3. Sustainability of the pulp and paper industry. International Council of Forest and Paper Association. June 2002, Brussels, Belgium.
• 4. Carpentier Annick: The Paper Industry and the Climate Change Challenge, International Forum of Forest and Paper Industry Associations, Rome, 26 April 2001.
• 5. Carpentier Annick: European Perspective on Climate Change, FAO Advisory Committee on Paper and Wood Products. Rome 25-26 April 2002.
• 6. Murr J., Bienert Ch.: Utilisation of sludges and reject: PTS’ point of view, 50 years of Technical Progress, ATIP Congress, Bordeaux lac, October 1997.
• 7. Paper Technology, Vol. 36, No. 4-May 1995, Environmental Supplement:Dörre.: Waste incineration in the pulp and paper industry, p. 26-30. Clarke M., Guidotti P., Hartung R.: US newsprint mill recycles whitewater and derives energy from sludge, p. 14-16. Jordan H.: Environmental regulations, pollution control and energy consumption - pulp and paper, p. 3-9.
• 8. Louhimo J., Burelle R., Suoniemi T.: Operating experiences with a bubbling fluid bed boiler firing paper mill sludges and biomass at United Paper Mills, Kaipola Plant, Finland. Pulp and Paper Cabnada, April 1995, p. 143-146.
• 9. Nicull O., Lehtonen O., Mullen J.: Burning mill sludge in a fluidised-bed incineration and waste-heat recovery system, TAPPI Journal, March 1991, p. 119-122.
• 10. National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASJ): Calculation Tools for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Pulp and Paper Mills, USA, NC. April 19, 2002.
• 11. BREF - Best Available Techniques Reference Document (Efficient factors).
• 12. Nowak H., Sekret R.: Bark combustion in a 40 MW bubbling fluidised bed boiler: The Polish-Danish Workshop on Biomass for Energy. Starbienino. Poland 7-10 December 2000.
• 13. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control BAT Reference Document for the Pulp and Paper Industries, European Parliament, December 2001.