The synergistic effect of boric acid and ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal degradation and flammability of pine-needles

• Autorzy: Li L. , Hu H. , Guo C. , Hu H.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12841/wood.1644-3985.068.02

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The synergistic effect of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and boric acid (BA) on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of pine needles was investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the presence of an ammonium polyphosphate and boric acid system increased the char residue and decreased the pyrolysis temperature of the pine needles. The derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) showed that the ammonium polyphosphate and boric acid had shifted the degradation peaks of the pine needles to lower temperatures. The cone calorimetry test results showed that the values of HRR, THR, SPR, TSP and the mass loss (%) of the pine needles treated with ammonium polyphosphate and boric acid (APP/BA = 3/2) were significantly lower than the other samples. Therefore, the APP and BA system had a better effect on the pine needles overall than the APP alone.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

boric acid; ammonium polyphosphate; pine needles; flame retardancy; thermal degradation

PL

kwas borowy; polifosforan amonu; igła sosny; opóźniacz palenia; degradacja termiczna

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
• Czasopismo: Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: vol. 57, nr 193
• Strony: 37--49
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 33 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Li L.

• College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

autor

Hu H.

• College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

autor

Guo C.

• College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

autor

Hu H.

• College of Forestry; Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Bibliografia

• Àgueda A., Pastor E., Pérez Y., Planas E. [2010]: Experimental study of the emissivity of flames resulting from the combustion of forest fuels. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 49 [3]: 543–554
• Àgueda A., Pastor E., Pérez Y., Viegas D.X., Planas E. [2011]: Fire intensity reduction in straw fuel beds treated with a long-term retardant. Fire Safety Journal 46: 41–47
• Àgueda A., Pastor E., Planas E. [2008]: Different scales for studying the effectiveness of long-term forest fire retardants. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 34: 782–796
• Alvarez A., Gracia M., Vayreda J., Retana J. [2012]: Patterns of fuel types and crown fire potential in Pinus halepensis forests in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Forest Ecology and Management 280: 282–290
• Babrauskas V. [1984]: Development of the Cone Calorimeter-a bench scale heat release rate apparatus based on oxygen consumption. Fire and Material 8 [2]: 81–95
• Bakirtzis D. Dimitrakopoulos A.P. [2003]: Autoignition and thermogravimetric analysis of forest species treated with fire retardants. Thermochimica Acta 399: 31–42
• Castrovinci A., Camino G., Drevelle C., Duquesne S., Magniez C., Vouters M. [2005]: Ammonium polyphosphate-aluminum trihydroxide antagonism in fire retarded butadiene-styrene block copolymer. Polymer Journal 41 [9]: 2023–2033
• Duquesne S., Delobel R., Le Bras M., Camino G. [2002]: A comparative study of the mechanism of action of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite in polyurethane, Polymer Degradation and Stability 77: 333–344
• Faroq A.A., Price D., Milnes G.J. [1991]: Use of gas chromatographic analysis of volatile products to investigate the mechanisms underlying the influence of flame retardants on the pyrolysis of cellulose in air. Polymer Degradation and Stability 33: 155–170
• Garba B., Eboatu A.N., Atta-Elmannan M.A. [1994]: Effect of flame retardant treatment on energy of pyrolysis/combustion of wood cellulose. Fire and Material 18 [6]: 381–383
• Griffin G.J. [2011]: The effect of fire retardants on combustion and pyrolysis of sugar-cane bagasse. Bioresource Technology 102 [17]: 8199–8204
• Kalabokidis K.D. [2000]: Effects of wildfire suppression chemicals on people and the environment-a review. Global Nest: The International Journal 2 [2]: 129–137
• Liodakis S., Antonopoulos I., Kakardakis T. [2010]: Evaluating the use of minerals as forest fire retardants. Fire Safety Journal 45: 98–105
• Liodakis S., Antonopoulos I., Tsapara V. [2009]: Forest fire retardancy evaluation of carbonate minerals using DTG and LOI. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimeter 96: 203–209
• Liodakis S., Statheropoulos M.K., Tzamtzis N.E., Pappa A.A., Parissakis G.K. [1996]: The effect of salt and oxide-hydroxide additives on the pyrolysis of cellulose and pinus halepensis pine needles. Thermochimica Acta 278: 99–108
• Liodakis S., Vorisis D., Agiovlasitis I.P. [2006]: Testing the retardancy effect of various inorganic chemicals on smoldering combustion of Pinus halepensis needles. Thermochimica Acta 444: 157–165
• Lin H.J., Yan H., Liu B., Wei L.Q., Xu B.S. [2011]: The influence of KH-550 on properties of ammonium polyphosphate and polypropylene flame retardant composites, Polymer Degradation and Stability 96: 1382–1388
• Pappa A., Mikedi K., Tzamtzis N., Statheropoulos M. [2006]: TG-MS analysis for studying the effects of fire. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimeter 84 [3]: 655–661
• Pappa A.A., Tzamtzis N.E., Statheropoulos M.K., Liodakis S.E., Parissakis G.K. [1995]: A comparative study of the effects of fire retardants on the pyrolysis of cellulose and Pinus halepensis pine-needles. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 31: 85–100
• Pedieu R., Koubaa A., Riedl B., Wang X.M., Deng J. [2012]: Fire-retardant properties of wood particleboards treated with boric acid. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 70: 191–197
• Qu H.Q., Wu W.H., Wu H.G., Jiao Y.H., Xu J.Z. [2011]: Thermal degradation and fi re performance of wood treated with various inorganic salts. Fire and Material 35: 569–576
• Riva A., Camin G.O., Fomperie L., Amigouet P. [2003]: Fire retardant mechanism in intumescent ethylene vinyl acetate compositions. Polymer Degradation and Stability 82 [2]: 341–346
• Rowell R.M., LeVan-Green S.L. [2005]: Thermal properties. In: Rowell RM (ed.): Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, DC 6:121–138
• Sami U., Faiz A., Megat-Yusoff P.S.M. [2013]: Effect of boric acid and melamine on the intumescent fire-retardant coating composition for the fire protection of structural steel substrates. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2983–2988. DOI: 10.1002/app.38318
• Schemel C.F., Simeoni A., Biteau H., Rivera J.D., Torero J.L. [2008]: A calorimetric study of wildland fuels. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 32: 1381–1389
• Sekiguchi Y. Shafi zadeh F. [1984]: The Effect of inorganic additives on the formation, composition and combustion of cellulosic char. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29: 1267–1286
• Statheropoulos M., Liodakis S., Tzamtzis N., Pappaand A., Kyriakou S. [1997]: Thermal degradation of Pinus halepensis pine-needles using various analytical methods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 43: 115–123
• Tan F.T., Ma X.Q., Feng C. [2011]: Investigation on combustion of fire retardant board under different N2-O2 mixture gas atmospheres by using thermogravimetric analysis. Construction and Building Materials 25: 2076–2084
• Tata J., Alongi J., Carosio F., Frache A. [2011]: Optimization of the procedure to burn textile fabrics by cone calorimeter: Part I. Combustion behavior of polyester. Fire and Material 35: 397–409
• Tzamtzis N., Pappa A., Mourikis A. [1999]: The effect of (NH4)2HPO4 and (NH4)2SO4 on the composition of the volatile organic pyrolysis products of Pinus halepensis pine-needles. Polymer Degradation and Stability 66: 55–63
• Tzamtzis N., Pappa A., Statheropoulos M., Fasseas C. [2002]: Effects of fire retardants on the pyrolysis of Pinus halepensis needles using microscopic techniques. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 63 [1]: 147–156
• Zhao C.X., Liu Y., Wang D.Y., Wang D.L., Wang Y.Z. [2008]: Synergistic effect of ammonium polyphosphate and layered double hydroxide on flame retardant properties of poly(vinyl alcohol). Polymer Degradation and Stability 93 [7]: 1323–1331
• Zhou L., Guo C.G., Li L.P. [2011]: Influence of ammonium polyphosphate modified with 3-(methylacryloxyl) propyltrimethoxy silane on mechanical and thermal properties of wood flour–polypropylene composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 122 [2]: 849–855