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Age assignments of Triassic tetrapod fossils can be achieved by direct reference to a scheme of Triassic land-vertebrate faunachrons (LVFs) that correlates Triassic tetrapod fossil assemblages to each other based solely on the tetrapod fossils. Correlation of Triassic tetrapod assemblages to the standard global chronostratigraphic scale (SGCS, the “marine timescale”) is a separate cross correlation between the vertebrate biochronology and marine biochronology that usually relies on other data (e. g., palynostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, radioisotopic ages) to be completed. Late Triassic tetrapod fossils in southern Poland are found at two stratigraphic positions, the Krasiejów and Lisowice levels. The tetrapod assemblage of the Krasiejów level is assigned to the early Adamanian LVF based primarily on the stratigraphic overlap of the phytosaur Parasuchus with the Adamanian index aetosaur Stagonolepis. The amphibians Cyclotosaurus and Gerrothorax, a Proterochersis-like turtle and the aetosaur Paratypothorax from the Lisowice level indicate it is assignable to the Revueltian LVF. Cross correlations to the SGCS are less definitive, but suggest that the Krasiejów level is late Carnian and the Lisowice level is early/middle Norian. However, this correlation of the Krasiejów level is confounded by disagreements over correlation of the marine Carnian–Norian boundary to nonmarine strata. Indeed, the possibility that the Krasiejów tetrapods fill a gap in the early Norian record of tetrapods merits consideration. Such difficulties emphasize the value of correlating tetrapod assemblages to each other using a land-vertebrate biostratigraphy/biochronology, instead of immediately attempting the more problematic correlation to the SGCS.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
627--635
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 53 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104-1375, USA
Bibliografia
- 1. . Becker, A., 2015. Ambiguities in conchostracan biostratigraphy: a case study of the Permian-Triiassic boundary. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 85: 697-701.
- 2. Butler, R. J., Rauhut, O. W. M., Stocker, M. R. & Bronowicz, R., 2014. Redescription of the phytosaurs Paleorhinus (Francosuchus) angustifrons and Ebrachosuchus neukami from Germany, with implications for Late Triassic biochronology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170: 155-208.
- 3. Cirilli, S., 2010. Upper Triassic-lowermost Jurassic palynology and palynostratigraphy: a review. In: Lucas, S. G. (ed.), The Triassic Timescale. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 334: 221-262.
- 4. Dzik, J. & Sulej, T., 2007. A review of the Late Triassic Krasiejów biota from Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Polonica, 64: 1-27.
- 5. Dzik, J., Sulej, T. & Niedźwiedzki, G., 2008. A dicynodont- theropod association in the latest Triassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 53: 733-738.
- 6. Fraas, E., 1889. Die Labyrinthodonten der Schwäbischen Trias. Palaeontographica, 36: 1-158.
- 7. Geyer, O. F. & Gwinner, M. P., 1991. Geologie von Baden-Württemberg. E. Schweizerbart’she Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 482 pp.
- 8. Hungerbühler, A., 1998. Cranial Anatomy and Diversity of the Norian Phytosaurs of Southwestern Germany. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bristol, 453 pp.
- 9. Hungerbühler, A., 2001. The status and phylogenetic relationships of “Zanclodon” arenaceus: the earliest known phytosaur? Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 75: 97-112.
- 10. Hunt, A. P., 1993. Revision of the Metoposauridae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) and description of a new genus from western North America. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, 59: 67-97.
- 11. Hunt, A. P. & Lucas, S. G., 1991. The Paleorhinus biochron and the correlation of the nonmarine Upper Triassic of Pangaea. Palaeontology, 34: 191-198.
- 12. Kozur, H. W. & Bachmann, G. H., 2008. Updated correlation of the Germanic Triassic with the Tethyan scale and assigned numeric ages. Berichte Geologische Bundesanstalt, 76: 53-58.
- 13. Kozur, H. W. & Weems, R. E., 2005. Conchostracan evidence for a late Rhaetian to early Hettangian age for the CAMP volcanic event in the Newark Supergroup, and a Sevatian (late Norian) age for the immediately underlying beds. Hallesches Jahrbuch Geowissenschaft, B27: 21-51.
- 14. Kozur, H. W. & Weems, R. E., 2007. Upper Triassic conchostracan biostratigraphy of the continental rift basins of eastern North America: Its importance for correlating Newark Supergroup events with the Germanic basin and the international geologic timescale. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 41: 137-188.
- 15. Kozur, H. W. & Weems, R. F., 2010. The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. In: Lucas, S. G. (ed.), The Triassic Timescale. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 334: 315-417.
- 16. Kürschner, W. M. & Herngreen, G. F. W., 2010. Triassic palynology of central and northwestern Europe: A review of palynofloral diversity patterns and biostratigraphic subdivisions. In: Lucas, S. G. (ed.), The Triassic Timescale. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 334: 263-283.
- 17. Long, R. A. & Murry, P. A., 1995, Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the southwestern United States. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 4: 1-254.
- 18. Lucas, S. G., 1990. Toward a vertebrate biochronology of the Triassic. Albertiana, 8: 36-41.
- 19. Lucas, S. G., 1993. The Chinle Group: Revised stratigraphy and chronology of Upper Triassic nonmarine strata in the western United States. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, 59: 27-50.
- 20. Lucas, S. G., 1997, Upper Triassic Chinle Group, western United States: A nonmarine standard for Late Triassic time. In: Dickins, J. M. et al. (eds), Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Circum-Pacific Events and Their Global Correlation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 209-228.
- 21. Lucas, S. G., 1998. Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 143: 347-384.
- 22. Lucas, S. G., 1999. Tetrapod-based correlation of the nonmarine Triassic. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie Teil I, 7-8: 497-521.
- 23. Lucas, S. G., 2010. The Triassic timescale based on nonmarine tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology. In: Lucas, S. G. (ed.), The Triassic Timescale. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 334: 447-500.
- 24. Lucas, S. G. & Heckert, A. B., 2000. Biochronological significance of Triassic nonmarine tetrapod records from marine strata. Albertiana, 24: 27-32.
- 25. Lucas, S. G. & Huber, P., 2003. Vertebrate biostratigraphy and biochronology of the nonmarine Triassic. In: LeTourneau, P. M. & Olsen, P. E. (eds), The Great Rift Valleys of Pangea in Eastern North America. Volume 2. Sedimentology and Paleontology. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 143-191.
- 26. Lucas, S. G. & Hunt, A. P., 1993. Tetrapod biochronology of the Chinle Group (Upper Triassic), western United States. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 3: 327-329.
- 27. Lucas, S. G. & Wild, R., 1995. A Middle Triassic dicynodont from Germany and the biochronology of Triassic dicynodonts. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 220: 1-16.
- 28. Lucas, S. G., Heckert, A. B. & Rinehart, L. F., 2006. The Late Triassic aetosaur Paratypothorax. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 575-580.
- 29. Lucas, S. G., Wild, R. & Hunt, A. P., 1998. Dyoplax O. Frass, a Triassic sphenosuchian from Germany. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, B263: 1-13.
- 30. Lucas, S. G., Spielmann, J. A. & Hunt, A. P., 2007a. Biochronological significance of Late Triassic tetrapods from Krasiejów, Poland. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 41: 248-258.
- 31. Lucas, S. G., Hunt, A. P., Heckert, A. B. & Spielmann, J. A., 2007b. Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology: 2007 status. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 41: 229-240.
- 32. Lucas, S. G., Tanner, L. H., Kozur, H. W., Weems, R. E. & Heckert A. B., 2012. The Late Triassic timescale: Age and correlation of the Carnian-Norian boundary. Earth-Science Reviews, 114: 1-18.
- 33. Maron, M., Rigo, M., Bertinelli, A., Katz, M. E., Godfrey, L., Zaffani, M. & Muttoni, G., 2015 (in press). Magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy of the Pignola-Abriola section: New constraints for the Norian-Rhaetian boundary. Geological Society of America Bulletin, doi: 10.1130/B31106.1.
- 34. Milner, A. R. & Schoch, R. R., 2004. The latest metoposaurid amphibians from Europe. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 232: 231-252.
- 35. Muttoni, G., Kent, D. V., Olsen, P. E., DiStefano, P., Lowrie, W., Bernasconi, S. M. & Hernández, F. M., 2004. Tethyan magnetostratigraphy from Pizza Mondelo (Sicily) and correlation to the Late Triassic Newark astrochronological polarity time scale. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 116: 1043-1058.
- 36. Niedźwiedzki, G., Sulej, T. & Dzik, J., 2012. A large predatory archosaur from the Late Triassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 57: 267-276.
- 37. Niedźwiedzki, G., Brusatte, S. L., Sulej, T. & Butler, R. J., 2014. Basal dinosauriform and theropod dinosaurs from the midlate Norian (Late Triassic) of Poland: implications for Triassic dinosaur evolution and distribution. Palaeontology, 57: 1121-1142.
- 38. Ogg, J. G., Huang, C. & Hinnov, L., 2014. Triassic timescale status: A brief overview. Albertiana, 41: 3-30.
- 39. Orłowska-Zwolińska, T., 1983. Palynostratigraphy of the Upper part of Triassic epicontinental sediments in Poland. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego, 104: 1-89. [In Polish, with English summary.]
- 40. Orłowska-Zwolińska, T., 1985. Palynological zones ofthe Polish epicontinental Triassic. Bulletin Academy of Sciences, Earth Sciences, 33: 107-119.
- 41. Pieńkowski, G., Niedźwiedzki, G. & Brański, P., 2014. Climatic reversals related to the Central Atlantic magmatic province caused the end-Triassic biotic crisis - evidence from continental strata in Poland. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 505: 263-286.
- 42. Racki, G., 2010. Evolution of Late Triassic terrestrial environments in the Upper Silesia as vertebrate habitats - A new research project Przegląd Geologiczny, 58: 124-126. [In Polish.]
- 43. Spielmann, J. A. & Lucas, S. G., 2012. Tetrapod fauna of the Upper Triassic Redonda Formation, east-central New Mexico: The characteristic assemblage of the Apachean land-vertebrate faunachron. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 55: 1-119.
- 44. Sulej, T., 2010. The skull of an Early Late Triassic aetosaur and the evolution of the stagonolepidid archosaurian reptiles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 158: 860-881.
- 45. Sulej, T., Bronowicz, R., Tałanda, M. & Niedźwiedzki, G., 2011. A new dicynodont-archosaur assemblage from the Late Triassic (Carnian) of Poland. Earth & Environmental Science: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 101: 261-269.
- 46. Sulej, T., Niedźwiedzki, G. & Bronowicz, R., 2012. A new Late Triassic vertebrate fauna from Poland with turtles, aetosaurs, and coelophysoid dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32:1033-1041.
- 47. Świło, M., Niedźwiedzki, G. & Sulej, T., 2014. Mammal-like tooth from the Upper Triassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 59: 815-820.
- 48. Szulc, J., 2005. Sedimentary environments of the vertebrate-bearing Norian deposits from Krasiejów, Upper Silesia (Poland). Hallesches Jahrbuch der Geowissenschaften, B 19: 161-170.
- 49. Szulc, J., Racki, G., Jewuła, K. & Środoń, J., 2015. How many Upper Triassic bone-bearing levels are there in Upper Silesia (southern Poland)? A critical overview of stratigraphy and facies Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 85: 587-626.
- 50. Tedford, R. H., Albright, L. B., III, Barnosky, A. D., Ferrusquia- Villafranca, I., Hunt, R. M., Jr., Storer, J. E., Swisher, C. C., III, Voorhies, M. R., Webb, S. D., & Whistler, D. P., 2004. Mammalian biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian interval (late Oligocene through early Pliocene epochs). In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 169-231.
- 51. Thulborn, T. & Turner, S., 2003. The last dicynodont: An Australian Cretaceous relict. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 270: 985-993.
- 52. Weems, R. E. & Lucas, S. G., 2015. A revision of the Norian conchostracan zonation in North America and its implications for Late Triassic North American tectonic history. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 67: 303-317.
- 53. Wood, H. E., II, Chaney, R. W., Clark, J., Colbert, E. H., Jepsen, G. L., Reeside, J. B., Jr. & Stock, C., 1941. Nomenclature and correlation of the North American continental Tertiary. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 52: 1-48.
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Bibliografia
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