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Tytuł artykułu

Type-approval and qualification testing of air braking systems of agricultural trailers under stationary conditions

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
For road safety reasons, agricultural vehicle braking systems must comply with the approval requirements of EU Delegated Regulation 2015/68, which are evaluated during stationary and road testing conditions. For the stationary tests, an algorithm and proce-dures are developed to test the air braking systems of towed vehicles, including checking for tightness, pushrod strokes of brake chambers (adjustment), response times and the capacity of the compressed air reservoirs. Testing of a single-axle trailer braking system was carried out using a computer-controlled diagnostic device incorporating a simulator of the tractor's braking system developed by the authors. The trailer test results obtained confirmed the usefulness of the methodology developed and showed high accuracy and repeatability of meas-urements. The results of this work can be used not only by type-approval bodies, but also by manufacturers of trailers and towed agricul-tural machinery for quality control or product qualification tests.
Rocznik
Strony
54--60
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 34 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
  • Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
  • Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
Bibliografia
  • 1. Aleksandrowicz P. The impact of a vehicle braking system state on safe driving. Part two. AIP Conf. Proc. 21 February 2019; 2077 (1): 020001. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5091862
  • 2. Borawska E, Borawski A. Influence of the initial speed of the agricul-tural tractor on the brakes heating process during emergency brak-ing. Heat Transfer Research. 2020; 51(10): 967-974. https://doi.org/10.1615/HEATTRANSRES.2020032024
  • 3. BN-86/3611-03. Pojazdy samochodowe i przyczepy. Hamulce. Ogólne zasady budowy powietrznych układów przenoszących.
  • 4. Caban A, Kidawski A, Włodarczyk A. Synchronization of the braking of heavy tractor-trailer and tractor-semitrailer units: operational prob-lems. The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motory-zacji. 2017: 77(3), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.14669/AM.VOL.77.ART2
  • 5. Cardillo G. MWWtest: Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon non parametric test for two unpaired samples. 2009. http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/25830
  • 6. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/68 of 15 October 2014 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 of the European Par-liament and of the Council with regard to vehicle braking require-ments for the approval of agricultural and forestry vehicles Text with EEA relevance. https://eurlex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32015R0068
  • 7. D’Agostino RB. Simple compact portable test of normality: Geary’s test revisited. Psychological Bulletin. 1970; 74(2): 138-140. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029499
  • 8. D’Agostino RB, Belanger A, D’Agostino Jr. RB. A suggestion for using powerful and informative tests of normality. American Statisti-cian. 1990; 44(4): 316-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1990.10475751
  • 9. Desgagné A, Lafaye de Micheaux P. A powerful and interpretable alternative to the Jarque–Bera test of normality based on 2nd-power skewness and kurtosis, using the Rao’s score test on the APD family. Journal of Applied Statistics. 2018; 45(13): 2307–2327. https://doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2017.1415311
  • 10. Doornik JA, Hansen H. An omnibus test for univariate and multivari-ate normality. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 2008; 70(1): 927–939. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2008.00537.x
  • 11. Glišović J, Lukić J, Šušteršič V, Ćatić D. Development of tractors and trailers in accordance with the requirements of legal regulations. In: Proc. of 9th International Quality Conference. Kragujevac. Serbia 2015; 193–202.
  • 12. Instrukcja obsługi. Przyczepa rolnicza Pronar t654 Pronar t654/1. http://pronar.pl/pdf/instrukcje/T654%20T654_1_PL.pdf
  • 13. Kamiński Z, Czaban J. Diagnosing the agricultural tractor braking system within approval tests. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Mainte-nance and Reliability. 2012;14 (4):319–326.
  • 14. Kamiński Z, Czaban J. Urządzenie do diagnostyki powietrznego układu hamulcowego (Device for diagnosing air braking system). Pa-tent PL 225 170 B1.
  • 15. Kamiński Z, Czaban J, Sokołowski R. Integrated system for agricul-tural machinery and trailers on the production line. Project entitled "Technology transfer to industry" implemented under Sub-measure 8.2.1 of the Human Capital Operational Programme 2013.
  • 16. Kanji GK. 100 Statistical Tests. Sage Publications Ltd. London 2006.
  • 17. Land Transport Rule. Heavy-vehicle Brakes. Rule 32015, New Zealand 2006. https://www.nzta.govt.nz/assets/resources/rules/docs/heavy-vehicle-brakes-2006.pdf
  • 18. Marx A, Backes C, Meese E, Lenhof HP, Keller A. EDISON-WMW: Exact Dynamic Programing Solution of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test. Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics. 2016;14(1):55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpb.2015.11.004
  • 19. Nordstrom O. Feasibility of using roller brake testers instead of road tests for heavy vehicles. Summary report of investigations carried out by VTI and A88 sponsored by the Swedish National Road Admin-istration, 1998. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:669831/ FULLTEXT01.pdf
  • 20. North American Standard Out-Of-Service Criteria. Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance. 2014. https://gacc.nifc.gov/rmcc/ documents/engine_academy/ooscriteria.pdf
  • 21. North American Standard Out-Of-Service Criteria. Handbook edition, 2020.https://exams.sdfdtraining.com/engineer/2021/res/driveroperator/main/North%20American%20Standard%20Out-Of-
  • 22. PN-90/R-36123. Ciągniki. Przyczepy i przyczepiane maszyny rolni-cze. Powietrzny jednoprzewodowy układ przenoszący hamulców. Wymagania i badania.
  • 23. Recommendation N° 8 “Brake testing in periodic technical inspection”. CITA/WG1-09-2017-110 2018. https://citainsp.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/CITA_Recommendation_8_brakes.pdf
  • 24. Regulation No 13 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE): Uniform provisions concerning the ap-proval of vehicles of categories M, N and O with regard to braking [2016/194].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri= CELEX %3A42016X0218%2801%29
  • 25. Robinson BJ, Scarlett AJ, Seidl M. Development of technical re-quirements/performance specifications for functional and occupa-tional safety topics of agricultural and forestry vehicles - Final Report. Transport Research Laboratory, 2013.
  • 26. Safholland. Test sheet for synchronization of braking forces for semi-tractor/trailer combinations. https://safholland.com/dk/en/download-cen-ter/document/resource/environment/project1_p/documents /documentationP/Before%2520Empolis%2520Box%2520update/pLiterature/BrakeTech_Test_sheet_for_synchronization_en-DE.pdf
  • 27. Tarancón-Andrés E, Santamaria-Peña J, Arancón-Pérez D, Mar-tínez-Cámara E, Blanco-Fernández J. Technical Inspections of Agri-cultural Machinery and Their Influence on Environmental Impact. Agronomy. 2022; 12(4): 907-1010.https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy 12040907
  • 28. Tietjen. Air brake systems for trailers. Available from: https://www.tietjengmbh.de/en/products/air-brake-systems-for-trailers
  • 29. Urdhwareshe HP. Risk Assessment in Conformity of Production (COP) Tests. SAE Technical Paper 2017-26-0130. 2017. https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-26-0130
  • 30. Vrábel J, Jagelčák J, Rievaj V, Caban J. The quality of the brake components and its impact on the basic parameters of braking. Ma-chines. Technologies. Materials. 2014; 8(6): 6-8.
  • 31. Wabco. Air brake system agriculture and forestry. Maintenance, testing & fault-finding. https://www.wabco-customercentre.com/ catalog/docs/8150100833.pdf
  • 32. Wabco. Conformity test unit. System description. Edition 3. 815 010 190 3 (en). https://www.wabco.info/i/142
  • 33. Wabco. Pneumatic braking system agriculture and forestry. Product catalogue.https://www.wabco-customercentre.com/catalog/docs/ 8150100823.pdf
  • 34. Welch BL. The generalisation of students’ problems when several different population variances are involved. Biometrika. 1947;34(1-2): 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/34.1-2.28
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-cc155a3c-df8d-482b-8601-eb007799902a
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