Problem tsunamitów. Dlaczego tak mało jest kopalnych osadów tsunami?

Łuczyński, P.

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Problem tsunamitów. Dlaczego tak mało jest kopalnych osadów tsunami?

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Łuczyński P.

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The tsunamites problem. Why are fossil tsunamites so rare?

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Abstrakty

Tsunami is a common phenomenon and one of the most dangerous natural hazards of the modern world. Taking into account the relative high frequency of tsunamis in historical times, we can expect accordingly rich geological records of similar events from fossil formations. However, palaeotsunami deposits are surprisingly rare, mainly because of the difficulty of discerning them from sediments formed by other processes, e.g. storms. Part of the problem lies in the definition of tsunamite, which refers only to the triggering process, and in a different approach while discerning modern and fossil tsunamites. Modern tsunamites are identified by connecting the deposits to a particular historical tsunami event, even if they contain no diagnostic sedimentological features - an approach, which cannot be applied to fossil formations. This can lead to an impression that modern tsunami deposits are much more common than their fossil counterparts, which in turn suggest great intensification of tsunami events in historical times. Lately, a great number ofpapers have been published on sedimentary effects of modern tsunamis. The studies concentrated on land and near-shore areas. Many authors point out that the sedimentary record left by tsunami is commonly surprisingly mean and with a very low preservation potential. When interpreting fossil successions, the most important features that might indicate their tsunamite genesis are: mixing of material derivedfrom various facial zones, evidence of deep erosion and long transport, and association with other symptoms of seismic activity. The stromatoporoid biostromal accumulations in the Upper Silurian ofPodolia are presented here as possible palaeotsunamite deposits. Thick layers of redeposited stromatoporoids within fine-grained peritidal deposits are interpreted as an effect of onshore transport of this relatively light material during high-energy sedimentary events, such as tsunami. In many ways, the stromatoporoid beds resemble modern accumulations oftsunami-derived boulders.

Słowa kluczowe

tsunami tsunamity warstwy stromatoporoidowe górny sylur Podole

tsunami tsunamites palaeotsunamites stromatoporoid beds Upper Silurian Podolia

Wydawca

Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Przegląd Geologiczny

Rocznik

2012

Tom

Vol. 60, nr 11

Strony

598–--604

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 21 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Łuczyński P.

piotr.luczynski@uw.edu.pl

Wydział Geologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa

Bibliografia

1. ABUSHIK A.F., BERGER A.YA., KOREN’ T.N., MODZALEV- SKAYA T.L., NIKIFOROVA O.I. & PREDTECHENSKY N.N. 1985 - The fourth series of the Silurian System in Podolia. Lethaia, 18: 125-146.
2. BAILEY E.B. & WEIR J. 1933 - Submarine faulting in Kimmeridgian times: east Sutherland. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb., 57: 429-467.
3. BOURROUILH-LE JAN F.G., BECK C. & GORSLINE D.S. 2007 - Catastrophic events (hurricanes, tsunami and others) and their sedimentary records: introductory notes and new concepts for shallow water deposits. Sediment. Geol., 199: 1-11.
4. BUSSERT R. & ABERHAN M. 2004 - Storms and tsunamis: evidence of event sedimentation in the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Beds of south-eastern Tanzania. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 39: 549-555.
5. CANTALAMESSA G. & DI CELMA C. 2005 - Sedimentary features of tsunami backwash deposits in a shallow marine Miocene setting, Mejillones Peninsula, northern Chile. Sediment. Geol., 178: 259-273.
6. DAWSON A.G. & STEWART I. 2007 - Tsunami deposits in the geological record. Sediment. Geol., 200: 166-183.
7. DOTT R.H. 1983 - Episodic sedimentation - how normal is average? How rare is rare? Does it matter? J. Sediment. Petrol., 53: 5-23.
8. DUXBURY A.C., DUXBURY A.D. & SVERDRUP K.A. 2002 - Oceany świata. Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warszawa: 636.
9. EINASTO R.E., ABUSHIK A.F., KALJO D.P., KOREN’ T.N., MODZALEVSKAYA T.L. & NESTOR H.E. 1986 - Silurian sedimentation and fauna of the eastern Baltic and Podolian marginal basins: a comparison. [W:] Kaljo D.P. & Klaamann E. (red.) Theory and practice of ecostratigraphy: 37-54. Valgus Publishing, Tallin.
10. EINSELE G., CHOUGH S.K. & SHIKI T. 1996 - Depositional events and their records - an introduction. Sediment. Geol., 104: 1-9.
11. EVANS K.R., HORTON J.W., KING D.T. & MORROW J.R. 2008 - The sedimentary record of meteorite impacts. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 437: 1-213.
12. GOTO K., CHAGUE-GOFF C., FUJINO SH., GOFF J., JAFFE B., NISHIMURA Y., RICHMOND B., SUGAWARAD., SZCZUCIŃSKIW., TAPPIN D.R., WITTER R.C. & YULIANTO E. 2011 - New insights of tsunami hazard from the 2011 Tohoku-oki event. Mar. Geol., 290: 46-50.
13. GOTO K., CHAVANICH S.A., IMAMURA F., KUNTHASAP P., MATSUI T., MINOURA K., SUGAWARA D. & YANAGISAWA H. 2007 - Distribution, origin and transport process of boulders deposited by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami at Pakarang Cape, Thailand. Sediment. Geol., 202: 821-837.
14. GOTO K., KAWANA T. & IMAMURA F. 2010a - Historical and geological evidence of boulders deposited by tsunamis, southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Earth-Sci. Rev., 102: 77-99.
15. GOTO K., MIYAGI K., KAWAMATA H. & IMAMURA F. 2010b - Discrimination of boulders deposited by tsunamis and storm waves at Ishigaki Island, Japan. Mar. Geol., 269: 34-45.
16. GOTO K., OKADA K. & IMAMURA F. 2009 - Importance of the initial waveform and coastal profile for tsunami transport of boulders. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 18: 53-61.
17. GRANICZNY M. & MIZERSKI W. 2007 - Katastrofy przyrodnicze. Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warszawa: 198.
18. GRETENER P.E. 1967 - Significance of the rare event in geology. AAPG Bull., 51: 2197-2206.
19. HARTLEY A., HOWELL J., MATHER A.E. & CHONG G. 2001 - A possible Plio-Pleistocene tsunami deposit, Hornitos, northern Chile. Rev. geol. Chile, 28: 117-125.
20. KAŻMIERCZAK J. & GOLDRING R. 1978 - Subtidal flat-pebble conglomerate from the Upper Devonian of Poland: a multiprovenant high-energy product. Geol. Mag., 115: 359-366.
21. KERSHAW S. 1994 Classification and geological significance of biostromes. Facies, 31: 81 91.

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Bibliografia

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