Nikiel i jego związki – w przeliczeniu na Ni, z wyłączeniem tetrakarbonylku niklu Dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Daragó, Adam; Sapota, Andrzej; Kilanowicz, Anna

doi:10.54215/PiMOSP/2.116.2023

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Tytuł artykułu

Nikiel i jego związki – w przeliczeniu na Ni, z wyłączeniem tetrakarbonylku niklu Dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Autorzy

Daragó Adam , Sapota Andrzej , Kilanowicz Anna

Treść / Zawartość

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.54215/PiMOSP/2.116.2023

Warianty tytułu

Nickel and its compounds – as Ni, excluding nickel tetracarbonyl Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Nikiel (Ni) jest metalem o charakterystycznym połysku. Znalazł zastosowanie do produkcji stopów, w galwanizacji, produkcji baterii, protez, pigmentów, w przemyśle ceramicznym i komputerowym. Skutki narażenia ludzi na nikiel i jego związki w warunkach zawodowych obejmują głównie wpływ na układ oddechowy (w tym ryzyko wystąpienia chorób nowotworowych płuc i jamy nosowej, zwłóknienie i pylicę płuc, astmę oskrzelową) oraz działanie uczulające na skórę i układ oddechowy. Szkodliwy wpływ niklu i jego związków na układ oddechowy potwierdzają wyniki badań doświadczalnych na zwierzętach. Długotrwałe narażenie na nikiel i jego związki powodowało również osłabienie układu odpornościowego oraz skutki nefro- i hepatotoksyczne. Rozpuszczalne sole niklu nie wywoływały mutacji w komórkach bakterii, ale genotoksyczność niklu i jego związków potwierdzono w badaniach z użyciem komórek eukariotycznych ssaków, przy czym jedynie przy wysokich stężeniach niklu. Nikiel i jego związki mogą przenikać przez łożysko oraz do mleka matki. Działanie rakotwórcze na układ oddechowy po narażeniu inhalacyjnym było także wykazane w badaniach na szczurach, głównie dla siarczku niklu oraz tlenku niklu. Zaproponowano przyjęcie wartości wiążących dla związków niklu ujętych w dyrektywie Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2022/431 z dnia 9 marca 2022 r., zmieniającej dyrektywę 2004/37/WE, jako wartości NDS: 0,01 mg Ni/m³ (frakcja respirabilna), 0,05 mg Ni/m³ (frakcja wdychalna). Zaproponowano przyjęcie do 17 stycznia 2025 r. włącznie okresu przejściowego, podczas którego obowiązywać będzie wartość NDS wynosząca 0,1 mg/m³ w odniesieniu do frakcji wdychalnej związków niklu. Proponuje się oznakować jako substancje o działaniu: uczulającym, rakotwórczym kat. 1A – związki niklu (Carc. 1A), rakotwórczym kat. 2 – nikiel metaliczny (Carc. 2), szkodliwym na rozrodczość.

Nickel (Ni) is a metal with a distinctive luster, and has found applications in alloying, electroplating, battery manufacturing, prosthetics, pigments, ceramics and computer industries. The effects of human exposure to nickel and its compounds under occupational conditions mainly include effects on the respiratory system (including the risk of cancer of the lungs and nasal cavity, fibrosis and pneumoconiosis, bronchial asthma) and sensitization of the skin and respiratory system. The harmful effects of nickel and its compounds on the respiratory system are confirmed by the results of experimental studies on animals. Long-term exposure to nickel and its compounds also caused immune system impairment and nephro- and hepatotoxic effects. Soluble nickel salts did not induce mutations in bacterial cells, but the genotoxicity of nickel and its compounds has been confirmed in studies using mammalian eukaryotic cells, with only high nickel concentrations. Nickel and its compounds can cross the placenta and into breast milk. Respiratory carcinogenic effects after inhalation exposure have also been demonstrated in rat studies, mainly in regard of nickel sulfide and nickel oxide. It has been proposed to adopt the binding values for nickel compounds included in Directive (EU) 2022/431 of the European Parliament and of the Council of March 9, 2022, amending Directive 2004/37/EC, as the NDS values: 0.01 mg Ni/m³ (respirable fraction), 0.05 mg Ni/m³ (inhalable fraction). It is proposed to adopt a transitional period up to and including January 17, 2025, during which an NDS value of 0.1 mg/m³ will apply to the inhalable fraction of nickel compounds. It is proposed to label as substances with the following effects: sensitizer, carcinogen cat. 1A – nickel compounds, Carc. 2 – carcinogenic cat. 2 – nickel metal, reproductive toxicity.

Słowa kluczowe

nikiel związki niklu toksyczność substancje rakotwórcze narażenie zawodowe NDS

nickel nickel compounds toxicity carcinogens occupational exposure MAC-TWA

Wydawca

Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

Rocznik

2023

Tom

Nr 2 (116)

Strony

29--104

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 266 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Daragó Adam

adam.darago@umed.lodz.pl

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi Katedra i Zakład Toksykologii 90-151 Łódź, ul. J. Muszyńskiego 1 POLAND

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1801-3227

autor

Sapota Andrzej

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi Katedra i Zakład Toksykologii 90-151 Łódź, ul. J. Muszyńskiego 1 POLAND

autor

Kilanowicz Anna

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi Katedra i Zakład Toksykologii 90-151 Łódź, ul. J. Muszyńskiego 1 POLAND

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-0769

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).

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Bibliografia

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