First Assessment of Water Quality Impact from a New Landfill in Tangier, Morocco – Microbial and Metal Contamination

• Autorzy: El Gueriri Sanae Ajbar , El Bakkali Imane , Sarti Otmane , El Brigui Jamal , El Mansouri Fouad

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12912/27197050/189632

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This research provides the first assessment of the leachate impact on water sources near the newly installed Landfill and Recovery Center (LRC) in Tangier, Morocco, which has been operational since the beginning of 2021. The investigation involved the analysis of microbiological and chemical parameters in water samples from four community wells and five surface water sources in the M’harar and Tahaddart Wadis during the dry season. Chemical analysis focused on detecting heavy metals, which were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Microbiological analysis involved assessing the presence of Fecal Indicator Bacteria utilizing the membrane filtration method. The findings reveal alarmingly high levels of fecal bacteria and distinct spatial water quality patterns, with a notable gradient of bacteriological contamination in groundwater sources surrounding the LRC. The highest concentrations were noted at well P.1, located about 3.6 meters from the LRC, while at well P.4, located 1 km away, there is a regression in bacterial and metal concentration, suggesting leachate percolation, likely due to construction faults and inadequate waste management. The heavy metal concentrations remained below the World Health Organization’s maximum acceptable values. Nevertheless, the overall results of the M’harar and Tahaddart Wadis waters show no leachate runoff. The study highlights the urgent need to improve the installation of proper leachate collection tanks and treatment systems as well as robust environmental monitoring, to protect the ecological integrity of the Biological and Ecological Interest Site (SIBE) of the Tahaddart region and safeguard public health. This study is limited by its focus on a specific geographic area and the timing of sampling, which restricted the groundwater analysis to only four wells. Future research should include sampling across different seasons and a broader range of wells to provide a more comprehensive understanding of water quality dynamics.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

landfill and recovery center; leachate; percolation; groundwater contamination; landfill management; biological and ecological interest site

• Wydawca: Lubelski Oddział Polskiego Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology ; WNGB Wydawnictwo Naukowe
• Czasopismo: Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 25, iss. 8
• Strony: 183--193
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 43 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

El Gueriri Sanae Ajbar

• Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9108-776X

autor

El Bakkali Imane

• Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5365-7350

autor

Sarti Otmane

• Laboratory of LAMSE, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-9743

autor

El Brigui Jamal

• Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-1100

autor

El Mansouri Fouad

• Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8112-1474

Bibliografia

• 1. Abbou, M.B., Haji, M.E., Zemzami, M., Fadil, F. 2014. Impact des lixiviats de la décharge sauvage de la ville de Taza sur les ressources hydriques (Maroc). Afrique Science : Revue Internationale Des Sciences et Technologie, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/afsci.v10i1.171
• 2. Abiriga, D., Vestgarden, L.S., Klempe, H. 2020. Groundwater contamination from a municipal landfill: Effect of age, landfill closure, and season on groundwater chemistry. Science of The Total Environment, 737, 140307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140307
• 3. Ait Kadi, M., and Ziyad, A. 2018. Integrated Water Resources Management in Morocco. In Global Water Security: Lessons Learnt and LongTerm Implications 143–163. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7913-9_6
• 4. Alam, R., Ahmed, Z., Howladar, M.F. 2020. Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in water, soil and plant around the open landfill site Mogla Bazar in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10, 100311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100311
• 5. Al-Yaqout, A.F., and Hamoda, M.F. 2003. Evaluation of landfill leachate in arid climate—A case study. Environment International, 29(5), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00018-7
• 6. Asouam, S., Faik, F., Morjani, Z.E.A.E. 2021. Analysis of leachate and water resource quality surrounding municipal solid waste landfill of tamellast (Agadir, Morocco). E3S Web of Conferences, 240, 02006. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124002006
• 7. Benaddi, R., Ferkan, Y., Bouriqi, A., Ouazzani, N. 2022. Impact of landfill leachate on groundwater quality – a comparison between three different landfills in Morocco. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 23(11), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/153006
• 8. Cabral, J.P.S. 2010. Water microbiology. bacterial pathogens and water. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7(10), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7103657
• 9. Chinwe, O., Nwinyi, O., Abayomi, A., Alo, B. 2010. Assessment of heavy metals in urban highway runoff from Ikorodu expressway Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2.
• 10. Daniel, A.N., Ekeleme, I.K., Onuigbo, C.M., Ikpeazu, V.O., Obiekezie, S.O. 2021. Review on effect of dumpsite leachate to the environmental and public health implication. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 7(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.2.0097
• 11. Direction Générale des Collectivités Locales. 2015. Monographie générale. La Région de Tanger-Tétouan-Al Hoceima. Ministère de l’Intérieur.
• 12. El Atmani, A., Elmimouni, N., El Borgy, A., Sibari, M. 2018. Study of the impact of Oum Azza landfill leachates on the environment of Rabat—Morocco. 4(5), 12.
• 13. El Kharmouz, M., Sbaa, M., Abdelhafid, C., Saadi, S. 2013. L’étude de l’impact des lixiviats de l’ancienne décharge publique de la ville d’Oujda (Maroc oriental) sur la qualité physicochimique des eaux souterraines et superficielles. Larhyss, 16, 105–119.
• 14. Elmaghnougi, I., Tribak, A.A., Maatouk, M. 2022. Leachate Monitoring and an Assessment of Groundwater Pollution from the Tangier Landfill. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, 16(3), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.7494/geom.2022.16.3.111
• 15. Grugnaletti, M., Pantini, S., Verginelli, I., Lombardi, F. 2016. An easy-to-use tool for the evaluation of leachate production at landfill sites. Waste Management, SI: Sanitary Landfilling 55, 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.030
• 16. Gueriri, S.A.E., Mansouri, F.E., Gabli, C.E., Achemlal, F., Khaddor, M., Brigui, J. 2023. Physical characterization of municipal solid waste in different particle size fractions in the city of TangierMorocco: Effects of socio-economic status. AIP Conference Proceedings 2747, 020001. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0132896
• 17. Fernández, D.S., Puchulu, M.E., Georgieff, S.M. 2014. Identification and assessment of water pollution as a consequence of a leachate plume migration from a municipal landfill site (Tucumán, Argentina). Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 36(3), 489–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-013-9576-1
• 18. Harahap, F.S., and Lubis, L.T. 2018. Analysis of heavy metals distribution in the River Town of Hamasaki’s Rod Padangsidimpuan. EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol19-iss2/149
• 19. Ighalo, J.O., and Adeniyi, A.G. 2020. A comprehensive review of water quality monitoring and assessment in Nigeria. Chemosphere, 260, 127569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127569
• 20. Kumar, A., Ranjan, A., Gulati, K., Thakur, S., Jindal, T. 2016. Assessment of chemical and microbial contamination in groundwater through leaching of sewage waste in Delhi, India. Environmental Earth Sciences 75, 275.
• 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-5016-0
• 22. Laghzal, A., and Salmoun, F. 2014. Contribution to the bacteriological characterization of some sources in the region of Tangier Tetouan (Morocco). Larhyss, 20. http://larhyss.net/ojs/index.php/larhyss/article/view/235
• 23. Laghzal, A., Salmoun, F., Boudinar, B., Argaz, A. 2018. Potential impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater in the Tangier-Tetouan-Alhoceima region (Morocco). Larhyss, 34, 39–50.
• 24. Legrouri, A., Sendide, K., Kalpakian, J. 2019. Enhancing integrity in water governance in Morocco: opportunities and challenges. Journal of Governance and Integrity, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.15282/jgi.3.1.2019.5417
• 25. Lekhal, H., Bouchelta, A., Benzougagh, B., Boukhari Taleb, R. 2018. Lixiviats issus de la decharge publique de la ville de Meknès: Caractérisation et impact sur les eaux de l’oued Boufekrane. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 14(29), 332. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n29p332
• 26. Lotfi, S., Chakit, M., Najy, M., Talbi, F.Z., Benchahid, A., El Kharrim, K., Belghyti, D. 2020. Assessment of microbiological quality of groundwater in the Saïs plain (Morocco). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 24(1), 509–524. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2020.73595
• 27. Matejczyk, M., Płaza, G.A., Nałęcz-Jawecki, J., Ulfig, K., Markowska-Szczupak, A. 2011. Estimation of the environmental risk posed by landfills using chemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological testing of leachates. Chemosphere, 82(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.066
• 28. Milewski, A., Seyoum, W.M., Elkadiri, R., Durham, M. 2020. Multi-scale hydrologic sensitivity to climatic and anthropogenic changes in northern Morocco. Geosciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10010013
• 29. Mor, S., Negi, P., Khaiwal, R. 2018. Assessment of groundwater pollution by landfills in India using leachate pollution index and estimation of error. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 10, 467–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2018.09.002
• 30. Moravia, W.G., Amaral, M.C.S., Lange, L.C. 2013. Evaluation of landfill leachate treatment by advanced oxidative process by Fenton’s reagent combined with membrane separation system. Waste Management, 33(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.08.009
• 31. Mrabet, L., Loukili, A., Belghyti, D., Attarassi, B. 2019. Impact of leachates from the landfill in the Kenitra City (Morocco) on the Water Resources. 14.
• 32. NM, 2006. Norme Marocaine relative à la qualité des eaux d’alimentation humaine. Bulletin Officiel N° 5404 Du 16 Mars., Pub. L. No. N° 5404, NM 03.7.001.
• 33. OMS. 2017. Directives de qualité pour l’eau de boisson : Quatrième édition intégrant le premier additif (Quatrième édition). Organisation Mondiale de la Santé.
• 34. Ouassini, A., and Ouassini, N. 2021. Between a rock and the kasbah: tourism gentrification, cultural repackaging, and identity in Tangier. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 56(4), 774–788. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909620943631
• 35. Peng, Y. 2017. Perspectives on technology for landfill leachate treatment. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, S2567–S2574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.09.031
• 36. Pereira, E., Baptista-Neto, J.A., Smith, B.J., Mcallister, J.J. 2007. The contribution of heavy metal pollution derived from highway runoff to Guanabara Bay sediments: Rio de Janeiro / Brazil. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 79, 739–750. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652007000400013
• 37. Pratap, A., Mani, F.S., Prasad, S., 2020. Heavy metals contamination and risk assessment in sediments of Laucala Bay, Suva, Fiji. Marine Pollution Bulletin 156, 111238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111238
• 38. Samadder, S.R., Prabhakar, R., Khan, D., Kishan, D., Chauhan, M.S., 2017. Analysis of the contaminants released from municipal solid waste landfill site: A case study. Science of The Total Environment 580, 593–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.003
• 39. Talalaj, I.A., Biedka, P., 2016. Use of the landfill water pollution index (LWPI) for groundwater quality assessment near the landfill sites. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 24601–24613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7622-0
• 40. Vahabian, M., Hassanzadeh, Y., Marofi, S. 2019. Assessment of landfill leachate in semi-arid climate and its impact on the groundwater quality case study: Hamedan, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7215-8
• 41. Zayoun, A., El Habti, M., Raissouni, A., Bahousse, E., Arrim, A. 2022. Contribution of remote sensing in tracking the evolution of land use and anthropogenic impacts at the SBEI of Oued Tahaddart, 1003–1010. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90633-7_88
• 42. Zeng, D., Chen, G., Zhou, P., Xu, H., Qiong, A., Duo, B., Lu, X., Wang, Z., Han, Z. 2021. Factors influencing groundwater contamination near municipal solid waste landfill sites in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 211, 111913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111913
• 43. Zulić, M., Jukić, H., Aldžić, A., Ćehajić, A. 2019. Microbiological Analysis of Surface Waters in the Area of National Park “Una”. In I. Karabegović (Ed.), New Technologies, Development and Application, 42, 568–574). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90893-9_66