Separation of phosphoric acid sludge: effect of flocculation on settling and P2O5 recovery rates

• Autorzy: Jouraiphy Rim , Anouar Islaam , Mazouz Hamid , Mendil Jihane , Ibnlfassi Amina

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.37190/ppmp/125209

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Phosphoric acid sludge is one of the prominent problems in the phosphate industry. Its formation is co-occurred by considerable losses of P2O5 that affect the process performance. Management and valorization of this waste is a key issue. This work aimed to deal with this industrial concern by studying the influence of the flocculation on the sludge sedimentation and thus the P2O5 recovery rate. The flocculation tests were conducted in the presence of various types of anionic polymers. The effect of dosage, molecular weight, and type of flocculant were examined. The results indicated that all polymers showed settling performance improvement. And, the flocculant with the highest molecular weight (F1), showed the best settling performance with a pace of 3.3 cm/min and the lowest turbidity value of 40.4 NTU using a dosage of 5 ppm. Due to its high molecular weight, this polymer carries a polyelectrolyte bridging mechanism, which allows the absorbed polymer to move further away from the surface of the particle and then increases the particle radius, the number of collisions, and thus the particle size. However, for the P2O5 recovery rate, the sulfonic polymer (F5) was the best performer allowing recovery of 78.8% of the total mass of the sludge. F5 is weakly amphoteric. Polymers containing sulfonic acid groups are known to be inherently powerful than the carboxylic acid groups as they are stable due to their high energy barrier. According to the results, the flocculation increases the recovery of P2O5, which represents a profit of more than 30 kg of clarified phosphoric acid per 1 tone of sludge.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

phosphoric acid sludge; flocculation; P2O5 recovery rate; dosage; molecular weight

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 56, iss. 5
• Strony: 759--771
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 53 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Jouraiphy Rim

• Engineering, Industrial Management, and Innovation Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Techniques, University Hassan I, BP: 577, Settat, Morocco

autor

Anouar Islaam

• Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University Av Driss El Harti B.P 795, Casablanca, Morocco

autor

Mazouz Hamid

• OCP. SA Jorf Lasfar, El Jadida Morocco

autor

Mendil Jihane

• CBS laboratory, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150, Benguerir, Morocco

autor

Ibnlfassi Amina

• Engineering, Industrial Management, and Innovation Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Techniques, University Hassan I, BP: 577, Settat, Morocco

Bibliografia

• ALLAEDINI, G., ZHANG, P., 2018. Treatment of phosphoric acid sludge for rare earths recovery II: Effect of sonication and flocculant solution temperature on settling rate. Sep. Sci. Technol., 54, 1842-1852.
• ALLAEDINI, G., ZHANG, P., 2019. Treatment of phosphoric acid sludge for rare earths recovery I: Effect of polymeric flocculant properties on filtration and recovery. IJSEIMS., 7, 1-18.
• ALLEN, H.L., BERRY, W.W., 1981. Purification of phosphoric acid. United States Patent Office, No22 083.
• BASARAN, H.K., TASDEMIR, T., 2014. Determination of flocculation characteristics of natural stone powder suspensions in the presence of different polymers. Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process., 50(1), 169-184.
• BECKER, P., 1989. Phosphates and phosphoric acid: Raw Materials, technology, and economics of the wet-process. 2nd ed., Mercel Dekker. New York.
• BESRA, L., SENGUPTA, D.K., ROY, S.K., 2000. Particle characteristics and their influence on dewatering of kaolin, calcite and quartz suspensions. Int. J. Miner. Process., 59, 89-112.
• CASTILLO, J., GUTIERREZ, H., RANAUDO, M., VILLARROEL, O., 2010. Measurement of the refractive index of crude oil and asphaltene solutions: Onset flocculation determination. Energ. Fuel., 24, 492-495.
• CENGIZ, I., SABAH, E., ERKAN, Z.E., 2004. A study on the flocculation performances of traditional and UMA technology polymers. Madencilik, 43, 15-23.
• CENGIZ, I., SABAH, E., OZGEN, S., AKYILDIZ, H., 2009. Flocculation of fine particles in ceramic wastewater using new types of polymeric flocculants. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 112, 1258-1264.
• CHEN, W., WALKER, S., BERG, J., 1992. The mechanism of floc formation in protein precipitation by polyelectrolytes. Chem. Eng. Sci., 47, 1039-1045.
• CHONG, M., 2012. Direct Flocculation Process for Wastewater Treatment, in: S.K. Sharma, R. Sanghi, Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention. Springer Netherlands, 201-230.
• DAVIS, R.V., MOSS, W.L., STROMINGER, M.G., RENZELLO, R., FAIGL, T.A., HAY, D.N.T., 2015. Phosphoric acid production gypsum filtration flocculant pre-dilution (make down) with post-filtration phosphoric acid. United States Patent Office, No 9 187 327 B2.
• ERSOY, B., 2005. Effect of pH and polymer charge density on settling rate and turbidity of natural stone suspensions. Int. J. Miner. Process., 75, 207-216.
• FAYARD, C., SIBERCHICOT, J.C., CHAMPION, J., SIMONET, A., LATRIE, J.C., 1983. Process for producing purified phosphoric acid, apparatus and obtained product. European Patent Office, N° 254 946 A1.
• FLOYD, I.E., SMITH, S.J., SCOTT, S.H., BROWN, G.L., 2016. Flocculation and settling velocity estimates for reservoir sedimentation analysis. US Army Corps of Engineers.
• GAO, B., HAHN, H., HOFFMANN, E., 2002. Evaluation of aluminum-silicate polymer composite as a coagulant for water treatment. Wat. Res., 36, 3573-3581.
• GERGORY, J., 2006. Particles in water: Properties and Process. University College London, UK.
• GILL, R., HERRINGTON, T., 1988. Floc size studies on kaolin suspensions flocculated with cationic polyacrylamides. Colloid and Surfaces, 32, 331-344.
• GILMOUR, R., 2014. Phosphoric acid: Purification, uses, technology and economics. CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group, New York.
• GREGORY, J., BARANY, S., 2011. Adsorption and flocculation by polymers and polymer mixtures. Adv. in Colloid Interface Sci., 169, 1-12.
• GREVILLE, A.S., 1997. How to select a chemical coagulant and flocculant. Alberta Water & Wastewater Operators Association, 22th Annual Seminar.
• GUIBAI, L., GREGORY, J., 1991. Flocculation and sedimentation of high-turbidity waters. Wat. Res., 25(9).
• HANSEN, C.M., 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User’s Handbook Second Edition. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, New York.
• HENDERSON, J.M., WHEATLEY, A.D., 2007. Factors affecting the efficient flocculation of tailings by polyacrylamides. Int. J. Coal. Preparation, 4, 1-49.
• HOCKING, M.B., KLIMCHUK, K.A., LOWEN, S., 1999. Polymeric flocculants and flocculation. Polymer Reviews, 39(2), 177-203.
• HOGG, R., 1992. Hydrodynamic effects in flocculation and dispersion of fine-particle suspensions. Plenary lecture presented at Engg. Foundation Conf. On Dispersion Aggregation, Fundamentals and Applications, Palm Coasi, Florida.
• HOPKINS, D.C., DUCOSTE, J.J., 2003. Characterizing flocculation under heterogeneous turbulence. J. Colloid. Interface. Sci., 264, 184.
• IPEKOGLu, U., 1997. Dewatering and Methods. Dokuz Eylül University, Mining Faculty Impress, No: 179, Izmir.
• IRWIN, L., 2012. Method for improving gypsum phosphoric acid slurry filtration using carboxymethyl cellulose. United States Patent Office, No 8 182 698 B2.
• KAESLER, R.W., ROBINSON, D.G., MOSS, W.L., FAILON, B.K., 1989. Filtration aids for removal of calcium solids from aqueous phosphoric acid. United States Patent Office, No 4 800 071.
• LEE, C.S., ROBINSON, J., CHONG, M.F., 2014. A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment, Process. Saf. Environ., 6, 489-508.
• LEE, K.E., MORAD, N., TENG, T.T., POH, B.T., 2012. Development, characterization and the application of hybrid materials in coagulation/flocculation of wastewater: A review. Chem. Eng. J., 203, 370-386.
• LINDVIG, T., MICHELSEN, M.L., KONTOGEORGIS, G.M., 2002. A Flory–Huggins model based on the Hansen solubility parameters. Elsevier Fluid Phase Equilibria, 203, 247-260.
• MATSUO, T., UNNO, H., 1981. Forces acting on floc and strength of floc. J. Environ. Eng., ASCE107, 527.
• MECIBAH, W., DELIMI, R., GABLI, M., 2012. Removal of cadmium from phosphoric acid by electrodialysis. Rev. Sci. Tech. 24, 84-90.
• MOTTOT, Y., 2000. Coagulants et flocculants, 279th Conference of l'Université de tous les savoirs.
• NOVAK, J.T., HAUGAN, B.E., 1980. Mechanisms and methods for polymer conditioning of activated sludge. WPCF, 52 (10), 571-2580.
• PILLAI, J., 1997. Flocculants and coagulants: The keys to water and waste management in aggregate production. Nalco Company, Naperville. Polymer Properties Database, Polymer Chemistry Online, https://polymerdatabase.com, Accessed 15 March 2020.
• REY, P.A., HUNTER, W.E., 1994. Method of clarifying phosphoric acid using high charge sulfonic polymer. United States Patent Office, No 5 173 280.
• SHATAT, R., ARIFFIN, A., NORULAINI, N., RAHMAN, A., ABDUL KADIR, M.O., 2008. The effect of molecular weight and charge density on floc size distribution of palm oil mill effluent flocculated with cationic polyelectrolytes. AJBAS 4, 95-103.
• SOMASUNDARAN, P., DAS, K.K., 1998. Flocculation and selective flocculation - An overview. In: Atak, S., Onal., G., Celik, M.S., Proceedings of 7th International Mineral Processing Symposium (Innovation in mineral and coal processing), Istanbul, Turkey, Balkema, 81–91.
• SUN, S., SHIRK, M.W., LION, L.W., 2016. Characterization of flocs and floc size distributions using image analysis. Environ. Eng. Sci., 33 (1), 25-34.
• SWORSKA, A., LASKOWSKI, J.S., CYMERMAN, G., 2000. Flocculation of the Syncrude fine tailings Part I and II. Effect of pH, polymer dosage and Mg2+ and Ca2+ cations. Int. J. Miner. Process. 60, 143–152.
• TARLETON, E.S., WAKEMAN, R.J., 2007. Pretreatment of suspensions, Solid/Liquid Separation Equipment Selection and Process Design. 1st Ed, Elsevier Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leics, UK.
• TASDEMIR, T., KURAMA, H., 2012. Fine particle removal from natural stone processing effluent by flocculation. Environ. Prog. Sustain., 32, 317–324.
• TASDEMIR, T., TASDEMIR, A., 2012. Effect of mixing conditions on flocculation. Proceedings of XIIIth International Mineral Processing Symposium, Turkey, 831–837.
• TASDEMIR, T., TASDEMIR, A., KAKABAYEV, H., 2011. Evaluation of flocculation process in natural stone processing plant wastewaters by Box-Behnken experimental design. 22th International Mining Congress, Ankara, 309-315.
• TRIPATHY, T., RANJAN, B., 2016. Flocculation: A new way to treat the waste water. J. Phys. Sci., 10, 93- 127.
• WEBER, W.J., 1972. Physicochemical Processes for Water Quality Control. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
• WIATR, P., 2019. The use of filter aids in the gypsum filtration process - A review of the benefits and the concerns. Nalco.
• WICKRAMASINGHE, S., WU, Y., HAN, B., 2002. Enhanced microfiltration of yeast by flocculation. Desalination, 147, 25-30.
• YARAR, B., 2001. Evaluation of flocculation and filtration procedures applied to WSRC sludge. Report no: DE-AC09-96SR18500, Colorado School of Mines, 34.
• ZAHRIM, A.Y., AZREEN, I., JIE, S.S., YOIYING, C., FELIJIA, J., HASMILAH, H., GLORIANA, C., 2019. Nanoparticles Enhanced Coagulation of Biologically Digested Leachate. Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment Theory and Applications Micro and Nano Technologies, 205-241.