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Experimental studies of the quality of embossed characters of the Braille alphabet

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The paper presents studies pertaining to the quality of embossed characters of the Braille alphabet used, among other applications, for tagging drug labels. The following parameters of embossed inscriptions were measured: height, diameter of the dots and surface roughness (18 samples with various combinations of their values). 48 blind individuals assessed the quality of the printed text. Statistical analysis proved that a text with dots having height of 0.9 millimeter, diameter of 1.6 millimeters and roughness Ra of about 1 micrometer to be the best. The samples had been made using two different methods of rapid prototyping: PolyJet and SLS. 3D printing is increasingly popular and the studies proved the usefulness of these methods for labeling with embossed inscriptions, due to the repeatability, durability and quality they ensure. The assessing group of blind individuals was comprised of 24 persons 14–17 years old and other 24 persons aged over 60 who were not proficient in reading Braille alphabet, This allows to conclude that a text featuring the above values of the parameters will be easy to read for the majority of blind persons.
Rocznik
Strony
607--614
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys., wykr., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Division of Design of Precision Devices, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
  • Division of Design of Precision Devices, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] World Health Organization, Fact sheet no. 282 “Visual impairment and blindness” (2014).
  • [2] CEN EN 15823:2010, Packaging – Braille on packaging for medicinal products (2010).
  • [3] Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use (2001).
  • [4] Directive 2004/27/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 Amending Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use (2004).
  • [5] Recommendation of Polish Association of the Blind, website http://www.pzn.org.pl/pl/porady/9-brajlowskie-napisy-na-opa-kowaniach-lekow/25-stanowisko-polskiego-zwiazku-niewido-mych-w-sprawie-napisow-w-brajlu-na-opakowaniach-lekow.html accessed: 30 July 2014 (in Polish).
  • [6] M. Paplińska, “Immersing children in braille as an element of a holistic language learning – solutions applied in the USA”, Szkoła specjalna 4, 247–257 (in Polish) (2005).
  • [7] M. Paplińska, “The fairy tale of snow white – a French way of preparing blind children for reading and writing braille” Szkoła specjalna 1 (in Polish) (2007).
  • [8] A. Wojciechowski, “Camera navigation support in a virtual environment”, Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 61 (4) 871–884 (2013).
  • [9] W. Gemulda and A. Kos, “Multichannel ultrasonic range finder for blind people navigation”, Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 61 (3), 633–638 (2013).
  • [10] http://sociotechnocrat.kinja.com.
  • [11] D. McCallum, D. Dinar, K. Ahmed, S. Jehoel and D. Sheldon, “The design and manufacture of tactile maps using an inkjet process”, Journal of Engineering Design vol. 16, 525–544 (2005).
  • [12] I. Venytė, E. Kibirkštis, V. Mayik, T. Dudok and Y. Vasylkiv, “Investigation of resistance to mechanical effect of braille formed on different materials”, Materials Science vol. 20 (2), 183–188 (2014).
  • [13] G. Douglas, A. Weston and J. Whittaker, “Braille dot height research: Investigation of braille dot elevation on pharmaceutical products – final report”, University of Birmingham, UK (2008).
  • [14] R.M. Peters and D. Goldreich, “Tactile spatial acuity in childhood: effects of age and fingertip size”. PLoS ONE 8(12): e84650. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084650 (2013).
  • [15] A. Klöcker, M. Wiertlewski, V. Théate, V. Hayward and J-L. Thonnard, “Physical factors influencing pleasant touch during tactile exploration”. PLoS ONE 8(11): e79085. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079085 (2013).
  • [16] R. Barczyk and D. Jasińska-Choromańska, “Problems of quality of convex printouts for the blind people”, Recent Advances in Mechatronics 2008–2009, 401–406, ISBN 978–3-642–05021–3, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg (2009).
  • [17] A. Przepiórkowski, “The IPI PAN corpus: Preliminary version”, Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences (2004).
  • [18] J.A. McDonald, C.J. Rayall and D.I. Wimpenny, “Rapid prototyping casebook”, London: Professional Engineering (2001).
  • [19] Board of Regents, The University of Texas System (1986) Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering. US Patent Office US4863538.
  • [20] D.J. Kelly, M. Farhoud, M.E. Meyerand, D.L. Nelson, L.F. Ramirez, et al. “Creating physical 3D stereolithograph models of brain and skull”. PLoS ONE 2(10) e1119. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001119 (2007).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-ca74374f-9a6d-45af-a510-a3cfd7aa32ff
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