Discharges of dust from NORM facilities: Key parameters to assess effective doses for public exposure

• Autorzy: Kunze Christian , Schulz Hartmut , Ettenhuber Eckard , Schellenberger Astrid , Dilling Jorg

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1016/j.jsm.2019.02.002

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In transposing Directive 2013/59/Euratom (European Basic Safety Standards or EU BSS) into national law, it was necessary to identify industrial sectors which involve naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) which may lead to public exposure that cannot be disregarded from a radiation protection point of view. A research project was implemented that resulted in a comprehensive survey of all potentially relevant industrial sectors operating in Germany. Major efforts were made to determine source terms of airborne discharges, atmospheric dispersion models, and dose calculations. The study arrived at the conclusion that the discharge and the settlement of dust in agricultural and horticultural areas is the most relevant dispersion and exposure pathway, while discharges of radon are of minor importance. The original study used a number of rather complex models that may distract from the fact that very few key parameters and assumptions determine the effective dose of members of the public. This paper revisits the study and identifies those parameters and assumptions and provides a simplified, generic, yet sufficiently reliable and robust assessment methodology to determine the radiological relevance of dust discharges from NORM industries under the typical geographical and meteorological conditions of Germany. This paper provides examples of dose estimates for members of the public for selected industries operating in Germany. Due to its simplicity and robustness, the methodology can also be used to assess effective doses resulting from discharges in other industries in Germany, and it can be adapted to conditions in other countries in a straightforward way.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

NORM; dust discharge; public exposure; high temperature processes; atmospheric dispersion model

PL

NORM; odprowadzenie pyłu; ekspozycja publiczna; procesy wysokotemperaturowe; model dyspersji atmosferycznej

• Wydawca: Elsevier ; Główny Instytut Górnictwa
• Czasopismo: Journal of Sustainable Mining
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: Vol. 18, iss. 1
• Strony: 31--37
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 14 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kunze Christian

• IAF-Radiookologie GmbH, Wilhelm-Ronsch-Str. 9, D-01454, Radeberg, Germany

autor

Schulz Hartmut

• IAF-Radiookologie GmbH, Wilhelm-Ronsch-Str. 9, D-01454, Radeberg, Germany

autor

Ettenhuber Eckard

• IAF-Radiookologie GmbH, Wilhelm-Ronsch-Str. 9, D-01454, Radeberg, Germany

autor

Schellenberger Astrid

• IAF-Radiookologie GmbH, Wilhelm-Ronsch-Str. 9, D-01454, Radeberg, Germany

autor

Dilling Jorg

• Bundesamt fur Strahlenschutz (Federal Office for Radiation Protection), Kopenicker Allee 120-130, D-10318, Berlin, Germany

Bibliografia

• 1. Bundesgesetzblatt (2017). Radiation Protection Law of 27 June 2017 [Full title in German: Gesetz zur Neuordnung des Rechts zum Schutz vor der schadlichen Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung vom 27. Juni 2017]. Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2017 Teil I Nr. 42, Bonn, 3 July 2017.
• 2. Deutscher Bundestag (2017). Official Explanatory Notes by the Federal Government on the Draft Radiation Protection Law [Full title in German: Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Neuordnung des Rechts zum Schutz vor der schadlichen Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung - Amtliche Begrundung der Bundesregierung]. Official Publication of the Bundestag No. 18/ 11241 of 20 February 2017.
• 3. European Commission. European IPPC Bureau (2012). Best available techniques (BAT) reference document for iron and steel production. Retrieved June 30, 2017 from http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/IS_Adopted_03_2012.pdf.
• 4. European Commission. European IPPC Bureau (2013). Best available techniques (BAT) reference document for the production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide. Retrieved June 30, 2017 from http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CLM_Published_def.pdf.
• 5. European Commission. European IPPC Bureau (2014). Best available techniques (BAT) reference document for the non-ferrous metals industries. Retrieved June 30, 2017 from http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/NFM_Final_Draft_10_2014.pdf.
• 6. European Commission. European IPPC Bureau (2016). Best available techniques (BAT) reference document for large combustion plants, final draft. Retrieved June 30, 2017 from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/industry/stationary/ied/pdf/LCP_finalDraft_06_2016.pdf.
• 7. European Council (2013). Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation, and repealing Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom. Official Journal of the European Union, OJ L 13, 17.1.2014.
• 8. Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Protection and Nuclear Safety (2018). Hydrological atlas of Germany. Dataset of average annual precipitation. Retrieved December 10, 2018 from https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Bilder_Unterseiten/Themen/Wasser_Abfall_Boden/Binnengewaesser/Fluesse_und_Seen/130517_karte_niederschlag.pdf.
• 9. Federal Ministry of the Environment and Reactor Safety, Germany (2012). General technical instructions for the implementation of Art. 47 of the radiation protection ordinance "determination of radiation exposure resulting from discharge of radioactive substances from facilities". Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zu § 47 Strahlenschutzverordnung: Ermittlung der Strahlenexposition durch die Ableitung radioaktiver Stoffe aus Anlagen oder Einrichtungen In German:.
• 10. Federal Office for Radiation Protection (2018). Dataset of atmospheric radionuclide transport model (ARTM). Retrieved March 5, 2018 from https://www.bfs.de/EN/topics/ion/environment/air-soil/emission-monitoring/artm.html.
• 11. Federal Office for Radiation Protection of Germany, Department of Radiation Protection and Environment (2011). Calculation guide for the determination of radiation exposure due to environmental radioactivity resulting from mining.
• 12. German Meteorological Service (2017). Datasets of test reference years. Retrieved March 5, 2018 from https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/testreferenzjahre/testreferenzjahre.html.
• 13. Hettrich, S. (2017). Validation and verification of the atmospheric radionuclide transport model (ARTM). Doctorate Thesisthe Meteorological Institute Munich of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
• 14. Kunze, C., Ettenhuber, E., & Schellenberger, A. (2018). Determination of potential radiation exposure due to discharges from NORM industries - project 3615S12232 [In German, Ermittlung von potentiellen Strahlenexpositionen durch Ableitungen aus NORM-Industrien - vorhaben 3615S12232], Salzgitter. Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://doris.bfs.de/jspui/handle/urn:nbn:de:0221-2018101516404.
• 15. Kunze, C., Ettenhuber, E., Schellenberger, A., & Dilling, J. (2018, June). Discharges from NORM industries in Germany: Estimate of doses to members of the public. International radiation protection association, 5th european IRPA congress, den haag (NL).

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).