Safety and security in space traffic management regulations

• Autorzy: Polkowska Małgorzata

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.37055/sbn/132163

Warianty tytułu

PL

Bezpieczeństwo w przepisach regulujących zarządzanie ruchem kosmicznym

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The Space Traffic Management (STM) is a new concept referring to the space activities. The highest priority is safety and security of outer space and all conducted operations. There is no definition of STM. There is an urgent need to regulate STM providing safety and security regulations at international, regional and national level. Due to the fact that there is no STM definition, the regulator might use the example of existing regulations of International Civil Aviation Organization on Air Traffic Management (ATM). There are many questions, still open, regarding specific regulations needed and at which level they should be made: globally or nationally.

PL

Zarządzanie ruchem kosmicznym to nowe pojęcie odnoszące się do działań kosmicznych. Dużą rolę przywiązuje się w nim do zasad bezpieczeństwa podejmowanej w przestrzeni kosmicznej działalności operacyjnej. Z uwagi na zwiększającą się aktywność państw w Kosmosie i coraz więcej obiektów tam umieszczanych, ważne jest, aby uregulować zasady korzystania z przestrzeni kosmicznej, na zasadzie analogii do zarządzania ruchem lotniczym w przestrzeni powietrznej państw. Artykuł podejmuje ten problem i rozważa się w nim m.in. kwestie dotyczące regulacji na szczeblu międzynarodowym, europejskim i krajowym. Można tu skorzystać z rozwiązań aneksów do konwencji chicagowskiej z 1944 r. i doświadczeń Organizacji Międzynarodowego Lotnictwa Cywilnego w tym zakresie.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

space safety; security; space traffic management; national legislation

PL

bezpieczeństwo kosmiczne; ochrona w kosmosie; zarządzanie ruchem kosmicznym; narodowa legislacja

• Wydawca: Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
• Czasopismo: Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: R. 9, Nr 15
• Strony: 287--303
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 52 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Polkowska Małgorzata

• War Studies University

Bibliografia

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• [6] Dickinson M., Future STM capabilities, ESPI conference, September 2018.
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• [10] Griffin M., Integration of Aerospace Operations into the Global Air Traffic Management System, 2014.
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• [15] Hobe S., Neumann J., Regulations of Space Activities in Germany, [in:] National Regulation of Space Activities.
• [16] Hobe S., Schmidt-Tedd B., Schrogl K.-U. (eds), Project 2001 Plus - Global and European Challenges for Air and Space Law at the Edge of the 21st Century, Köln, Berlin, München, 2006.
• [17] Kaltenhäuser S., Morlang F., Hampe, D.-Roger Schmitt J., Air Traffic Management and Space Transportation System Wide Information Management and Integration into European Airspace, 2015.
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• [20] Mahboubeh M.S., Suborbital Flights: Selected Legal Issues, IASL, McGill, 2013.
• [21] Malkov S.P., Doldrina C., Regulations of Space Activities in the Russian Federation, [in:] National Regulation of Space Activities, Springer, 2010.
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• [23] Mosteshar S., Regulations of Space Activities in the United Kingdom, [in:] National Regulation of Space Activities, Springer, 2010.
• [24] Oltrogge D.L., The “We” Approach to Space Traffic Management, 15th International Conference on Space Operations, France 2018.
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• [26] Polkowska M., Prawo bezpieczeństwa w Kosmosie, Warszawa 2018.
• [27] Polkowska M., Sub-orbital traffic: A new regulatory or non-regulatory discipline, [in:] Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport, ed. J. Walulik, Routledge 2018.
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• Regulations
• [1] La Convention Internationale de la Navigation Aérienne, Paris 1919.
• [2] ICAO Doc. 7300 Convention on International Air Navigation, Chicago 1944.
• [3] ICAO Doc. Annex 2 and Annex 11.
• [4] ECJ, Analir and others, C-205/99, 20 II 2001.
• [5] Council Regulation (EEC) No 3577/92 of 7 December 1992 applying the principle of freedom to provide services to maritime transport within Member States (maritime cabotage). Official Journal L 364, 12/12/1992, p. 0007-0010.
• [6] Council Directive 89/552/EEC of 3 October 1989 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities; http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=474090.
• [7] Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space 1968 Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects 1972.
• [8] The Daily Journal of the United States, Government Presidential Document, National Space Traffic Management Policy. A Presidential Document by the Executive Office of the President on 06/21/2018; Remarks of Richard H. Buenneke, U.S. Department of State Panel on “Balancing national security and economic security in a contested and congested space domain”, “Greater Security Through International Space Collaboration”, Seminar George Washington University Space Policy Institute The Aerospace Corporation’s Center for Space Policy & Strategy July 19, 2018.
• [9] Draft International Code of conduct for Outer Space Activities, version 31 March 2014, p. 1-13.
• [10] EU Decision No 541/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 establishing a Framework for Space Surveillance and Tracking Support, L 158/227, 2014; EC “Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the implementation of the Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) support framework (2014-2017),” COM(2018) 256 final, 3.5.2018, 2018.
• Internet
• [1] https://www.space-data.org/sda/
• [2] https://eeas.europa.eu
• [3] https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/06/21/2018-13521/national-space-traffic-management-policy
• [4] http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/liability-convention.html
• [5] http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/introregistration-convention.html
• [6] www.unoosa.org
• [7] https://www.iadc-online.org/index.cgi?item=docs_pub
• [8] https://www.iadc-online.org/
• [9] https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/6.2018-2668
• [10] www.itu.int
• [11] https://cnes.fr/en
• [12] https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/6.2018-2668A/AC.105/C.2/2018/CRP.9

Uwagi

Różna numeracja bibliografii.

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).