Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Zabezpieczenie sektora transportu przed atakami terrorystycznymi
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The paper presents some problems referring to transport infrastructure as a potential target of terrorism attacks. The range of transport infrastructure has spread and includes railways, inland waterways, road, maritime, air, intermodal transport infrastructure and intelligent transport systems (ITS). Based on the analyses, transportation infrastructure is potentially threatened with terrorism attacks, especially road and rail infrastructure (about 23 %), and to a smaller degree the maritime and air transport infrastructure (about 2 %). Legal steps to fight terrorism have been taken on the international level; furthermore, some institutions have been established for this purpose at the UN, NATO and EU level as well as in Poland too.
W artykule przedstawiono problemy dotyczące zagrożeń terrorystycznych dla infrastruktury transportowej. Zakres infrastruktury transportowej uległ rozszerzeniu, obejmuje infrastrukturę transportu kolejowego, śródlądowego, drogowego, morskiego, lotniczego, intermodalnego oraz inteligentne systemy transportowe (ITS). Na podstawie analiz należy stwierdzić, że na świecie infrastruktura transportowa jest zagrożona potencjalnymi atakami terrorystycznymi, w szczególności infrastruktura transportu drogowego i kolejowego (około 23%), w mniejszym stopniu infrastruktura transportu morskiego i powietrznego (około 2%). Kroki prawne, dotyczące zwalczania terroryzmu, zostały podjęte na poziomie międzynarodowym, ponadto powołano w tym zakresie instytucje na szczeblu ONZ, NATO oraz UE, a także w Polsce.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
293--302
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., pełen tekst na CD
Twórcy
autor
- Military University of Technology, Department of Cybernetics
Bibliografia
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- 3. Counter Terrorism Centre of the Internal Security Agency http://www.antyterroryzm.gov.pl/portal/eng/265/621/COUNTER_TERRORIST_CENTRE_CTC.html
- 4. Commission Implementing Decision 2011/453/EU of 13 July 2011 adopting guidelines for reporting by the Member States under Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document C2011/4947). OJ of the EU, L 193/48, 49 of 23/7/2011.
- 5. Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2010 on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport. OJ of EU, L 207 , 06/08/2010 P. 0001-0013.
- 6. Encyclopaedia PWN. 1982. PWN, Warsaw.
- 7. Global terrorism index. Capturing the Impact of Terrorism for the Last Decade. IEP. Dec 4th 2012. http://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/2012-GlobalTerrorism-Index-Report1.pdf
- 8. Makarski, A. 2010. Genesis, activities, rules and experiences after one year functioning of Anti-Terrorist Centre. Review of Internal Security, No 2. Anti-Terrorist Centre, Warsaw. http://www.abw.gov.pl/portal/pl/273/642/Przeglad_Bezpieczenstwa_Wewnetrznego_nr_2_2_2010.html,
- 9. Mandate 453 EN (2009). Standardization mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in the field of information and communication technologies to support the interoperability of co-operative systems for Intelligent Transport in the European Community. Brussels, 6th October 2009. DG ENTR/D4.
- 10. Mirowski, W. 1996. Study on Polish country infrastructure. The equipment areas of social infrastructure. T. III. PAN Instytut Rozwoju Wsi i Rolnictwa, Warszawa.
- 11. NATO 2010. Strategic Concept for the Defense and Security of The Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Adopted by Heads of State and Government in Lisbon, Nov. 2010. http://www.nato.int/lisbon2010/strategic-concept-2010-eng.pdf.
- 12. Olechów, B. 2002. Terrorism in after bipolar Word. Adam Marszałek, Toruń.
- 13. Pawłowski, A. 1994. Terrorism in Europeof XIX & XX century. Lubuski Komitet Upowszechniania Prasy, Zielona Góra.
- 14. Regulation (EEC) No 1108/70 of the Council of 4 June 1970 introducing an accounting system for expenditure on infrastructure in respect of transport by rail, road and inland waterway. OJ L 130, 15.6.1970, p. 4-14 .
- 15. Regulation (EEC) No 2598/70 of the Commission of 18 December 1970 specifying the items to be included under the various headings in the forms of accounts shown in Annex I to Council Regulation (EEC) No 1108/70 of 4 June 1970. OJ L 278, 23.12.1970, p. 1-5.
- 16. Regulation (EC) No 851/2006 of 9 June 2006 specifying the items to be included under the various headings in the forms of accounts shown in Annex I to Council Regulation (EEC) No 1108/70. OJ L 158, 10.6.2006, p. 3-8
- 17. Rydzkowski, W. and Wojewódzka-Król, K. (red.). 2008. Transport. PWN, Warszawa.
- 18. Schmid, A. P. 1988. Political Terrorism: A New Giude to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories and Literature. New Brunswich, NJ 1988.
- 19. Schmid, A. P. and Jongman, A. 1988. Political terrorism. SWIDOC, Amsterdam.
- 20. Strategy of National Security for Republic of Poland, Warsaw, 2007.
- 21. The act from 16 April 2004 on change of the act - Penal Code (Kodeks Karny) and others acts. OJ. 2004, No 93, pos. 889.
- 22. The report of Aon Global Risk Consulting, http://forsal.pl/wiadomosci/polska/341600.html, http: //www.aon.com/poland, 2008.
- 23. The report of UNIC from 10.02.2012, http://www.unic.un.org.pl/terroryzm/definicje.php,
- 24. Terrorist Attacks and Transport Systems. Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California. 2010. http://www.uctc.net/access/28/AccessComment/TerroristAttacksandTransportSystems.pdf
- 25. Terrorist attacks mapped around the world. 2012. Institute for Economics & Peace, New York. 13 December 2012. http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2012/12/daily-chart-026.
- 26. US LRN. 2008. Light Rail Now Project. http://www.lightrailnow.org/features/f_lrt_2008-06a.htm
- 27. Zeng, D. and Chawathe, S. and Wang, F. Y. 2007. Protecting Transportation Infrastructure. ITS Department. IEEE Intelligent Systems, July/August 2007.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-c8d27078-40ae-47d6-89b6-e04f7e4c67e9