Impact of the emissions of international sea traffic on airborne deposition to the Baltic Sea and concentrations at the coastline

• Autorzy: Hongisto M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5697/oc.56-2.349

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The impact of ship traffic emissions in the Baltic Sea on deposition and airborne concentrations of nitrogen and sulphur compounds in the period 2008-2011 was studied using the Hilatar chemistry transport model with a 0.068° latitude-longitude resolution. An accurate ship emission inventory based on AIS (automatic identification system) security signals was used. The uncertainty of the European emission inventories are discussed, as is an inter-comparison of the Baltic Sea airborne load and concentrations with other model-based estimates and with air quality measurements and the effect of the EU sulphur directive for ship emissions on sulphate concentrations.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Baltic Sea; airborne load of nitrogen and sulphur; emission inventories; European emission inventories; concentrations from Baltic Sea ship emissions

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology ; Elsevier
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: No. 56 (2)
• Strony: 349--372
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 47 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Hongisto M.

• Air Quality Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Erik Palmenin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101, Helsinki, Finland

Bibliografia

• [1]. Anenberg S. C., Horowitz L. W., Tong D. Q., West J. J., 2010, An estimate of the global burden of anthropogenic ozone and fine particulate matter on premature human mortality using atmospheric modeling, Environ. Health Persp., 118, 1189-1195, http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901220
• [2]. Asman W. A. H., Janssen A. J., 1987, A long range transport model for ammonia and ammonium for Europe, Atmos. Environ., 21 (10), 2099-2119, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90344-1
• [3]. BACC - BALTEX Assessment of Climate Change, 2008, Assessment of climate change for the Baltic Sea basin, The BACC Author Team, Reg. Clim. Stud. Ser., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 474 pp., [http://www.hzg.de/institute/coastal_research/projects/baltex/bacc_downloads/index.html.en (9.12.2013)].
• [4]. Barentsinfo, 2013, Barents environmental hotspots, [http://www.barentsinfo.fi/beac/hotspots/ (9.12.2013)].
• [5]. Bartnicki J., Gusev A., Aas W., Fagerli H., Valiyaveetil S., 2012-2009, Atmospheric supply of nitrogen, lead, cadmium, mercury and dioxins/furans to the Baltic Sea in years 2010-2009, Summ. Rep. HELCOM, MSC-W Tech. Rep. 2/2012, 1/2011, 2/2010, 2/2009.
• [6]. Bartnicki J., Gusev A., Aas W., Fagerli H., Valiyaveetil S., 2008, Atmospheric supply of nitrogen, lead, cadmium, mercury and dioxins/furans to the Baltic Sea in 2006, MSC-W Tech. Rep. 2/2008.
• [7]. Bartnicki J., Gusev A., Aas W., Berg T., Barrett K. Fagerli H., 2006-2002, Atmospheric supply of nitrogen, lead, cadmium, mercury and dioxins/furans to the Baltic Sea in 2004-2001, MSC-W Tech. Rep. 3/2006-2003.
• [8]. Bartnicki J., Gusev A., Barrett K., Simpson D., 2002, Atmospheric supply of nitrogen, lead, cadmium, mercury and dioxins/furans to the Baltic Sea in 1996-2000 for the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), Baltic Marine Environ. Protection Comm., Joint MSC-W & NILU Note 6/02.
• [9]. Bartnicki J., Semeena V. S., Fagerli H., 2011, Atmospheric deposition of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in the period 1995-2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10057-10069, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10057-2011
• [10]. Bott A., 1989, A positive definite advection scheme obtained by nonlinear renormalization of the advective fluxes, Mon. Weather Rev. 117, 1006-1015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1006:APDASO>2.0.CO;2
• [11]. Brandt J., Silver J. D., Christensen J. H., Andersen M. S., Bonlokke J. H., Sigsgaard T., Geels C., Gross A., Ayoe B., Hansen A. B., Hansen K. M., Hedegaard G. B., Kaas E., Frohn L. M., 2011, CEEH scientific report No 3: Assessment of health cost externalities of air pollution at the national level using the EVA Model System, Cent. Energy, Environ. Health Rep. Ser., Aarhus Univ., National Environ. Res. Inst., Roskilde, 98 pp.
• [12]. Carstensen J., Henriksen P., 2009, Phytoplankton biomass response to nitrogen inputs: a method for WFD boundary setting applied to Danish coastal waters, Hydrobiologia, 633 (1), 137-149, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9867-9
• [13]. Chang T. Y., 1984, Rain and snow scavenging of HNO3 vapour in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 18 (1), 191-197, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(84)90242-7
• [14]. Chang T. Y., 1986, Estimates of nitrate formation in rain and snow systems, J. Geophys. Res., 91 (D2), 2805-2818, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JD091iD02p02805 Corbett J. J., Winebrake J. J, Green E. H., Kasibhatla P., Eyring V., Lauer A., 2007, Mortality from ship emissions: A global assessment, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 41 (24), 8512-8518, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es071686z
• [15]. EEA, 2012, AirBase - the European air quality database, [http://www.eea.europa,eu/data-and-maps/figures]. EEA, 2013, The impact of international shipping on European air quality and climate forcing, Tech. Rep. No 4/2013, European Environ. Agency, 84 pp., http://dx.doi.org/10.2800/75763
• [16]. Geels C., Hansen K. M., Christensen J. H., Ambelas Skjoth C., Ellermann T., Hedegaard G. B., Hertel O., Frohn L. M., Gross A., Brandt J., 2011, The projected change in atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea towards 2020, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11 (7), 21 533-21 567, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-21533-2011
• [17]. HELCOM, 2011, Fifth Baltic Sea pollution load compilation, Baltic Sea Environ. Proc., No. 128., 217 pp.
• [18]. Hertel O., Ambelas Skjoth C., Brandt J., Christensen J. H., Frohn M., Frydendall J., 2003, Operational mapping of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3 (6), 2083-2099, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-2083-2003
• [19]. Hesstvedt E., Hov Ø., Isaksen S. A., 1978, Quasi-steady-state approximations in air pollution modelling: Comparison of two numerical schemes for oxidant prediction, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 10 (9), 971-994, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550100907
• [20]. Hongisto M., 2012, Origin and possible effects of episodic nutrient deposition events over the Baltic Sea, Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 50 (1/2/3/4), 293-307.
• [21]. Hongisto M., 2011, Variability of the marine boundary layer parameters over the Baltic Sea sub-basins and their impact on the nitrogen deposition, Oceanologia, 53 (1-T1), 391-413.
• [22]. Hongisto M., 2005, Uncertainties in the meteorological input of the Chemistry- Transport Models and some examples of their consequences, Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 24 (1/2/3/4), 127-153, http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2005.007390
• [23]. Hongisto M., 2003, Modelling of the transport of nitrogen and sulphur contaminants to the Baltic Sea Region, FMI Contribut. No. 40, Helsinki, 188 pp.
• [24]. Hongisto M., 1998, Hilatar, a regional scale grid model for the transport of sulphur and nitrogen compounds, FMI Contribut. No 21, Helsinki, 152 pp.
• [25]. Hongisto M., Joffre S., 2005, Meteorological and climatological factors affecting the transport and deposition of nitrogen compounds over the Baltic Sea, Boreal Environ. Res., 10 (1), 1-17.
• [26]. Iversen T., Saltbones J., Sandnes H., Eliassen A., Hov Ø., 1989, Airborne transboundary transport of sulphur and nitrogen over Europe - Model descriptions and calculations, EMEP MSC-W Rep. 2/89. DNMI, Oslo.
• [27]. Jalkanen J.-P., Brink A., Kalli J., Pettersson H., Kukkonen J., Stipa T., 2009, A modelling system for the exhaust emissions of marine tra?c and its application in the Baltic Sea area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9 (23), 9209-9223, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9209-2009
• [28]. Jalkanen J.-P., Johansson L., Kukkonen J., Brink A., Kalli J., Stipa T., 2012, Extension of an assessment model of ship traffic exhaust emissions for particulate matter and carbon monoxide, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12 (5), 2641-2659, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2641-2012
• [29]. Jonsen J. E., Berge E., 1995, Some preliminary results on transport and deposition of nitrogen compounds by use of the Multilayer Eulerian Model, EMEP/MSC- W, Note 4/95, 25 pp.
• [30]. Jonson J. E., Tarrasón L., Bartnicki J., 2000, Effects of international shipping on European pollution levels, EMEP/MSC-W, Note 5/00, 24 pp.
• [31]. Langner J., Andersson C., Enghardt M., 2009, Atmospheric input of nitrogen to the Baltic Sea basin: Present situation, variability due to meteorology and impact of climate change, Boreal Environ. Res., 14, 226-237.
• [32]. Lindfors V., Joffre S. M., Damski J., 1991, Determination of the wet and dry deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds over the Baltic Sea using actual meteorological data, FMI Contrib. 4.
• [33]. MACC, 2011, MACC European emission inventory for the Years 2003-2007, TNO Rep. TNO-060-UT-2100-00588.
• [34]. Neff J. C., Holland E. A., Dentener F. J., McDowell W. H., Russell K. M., 2002, The origin, composition and rates of organic nitrogen deposition: A missing piece of the nitrogen cycle?, Biogeochemistry, 57/58, 99-136, http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015791622742
• [35]. Norilsk Nikel, 2013, www.nornik.ru, http://www.kolagmk.ru, http://www.kolagmk.ru/ecology/monitoring, 34 pp. [see the link above to ppt presentation in Russian (9.12.2013)].
• [36]. Plate E., 2000, Variabilität der Zusammensetzung anorganischer Aerosole - insbesondere der reaktiven Stickstoffverbindungen - in küstennahen Gebieten der Nordsee und Ostsee, Diss. Erlang. Doktorgrad. Fachbereichs Chemie Univ. Hamburg, Schriftenr. Angewandte Analyt., Inst. Anorganische Angewandte Analyt. No 37, Univ. Hamburg, 215 pp.
• [37]. Rolff C., Elmgren R., Voss M., 2008, Deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the Baltic Sea: seasonal patterns and nitrogen isotope composition, Biogeosciences, 5 (6), 1657-1667, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1657-2008
• [38]. Ruoho-Airola T., Eilola K., Savchuk O. P., Parviainen M., Tarvainen V., 2012, Atmospheric nutrient input to the Baltic Sea from 1850 to 2006: A reconstruction from modeling results and historical data, AMBIO, 41 (6), 549-557, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0319-9
• [39]. Schulz M., Ferm M., Hongisto M., Jylha K., de Leeuw G., Marks R., Nadstazik A., Plate E., Tamm S., Sopauskiene D., Ulevicus V., 1999, Atmospheric nitrogen input to the Baltic Sea Proc. 3rd Basys Annual Sci. Conf., 20-22 September 1999, C. Zuelicke (ed.), IOW, Warnemünde.
• [40]. Scott B. C., 1982, Theoretical estimates of the scavenging coefficient for soluble aerosol particles as a function of precipitation type, rate and altitude, Atmos. Environ., 16 (7), 1753-1762.
• [41]. Sillanpää M., Hillamo R., Saarikoski S., Frey A., Pennanen A., Makkonen U., Spolnik Z., van Grieken R., Branis M., Brunekreef B., Cjhalbot M.-C., Kuhlbush T., Sunyer J., Kerminen V.-M., Kulmala M., Salonen R. O., 2006, The chemical composition and mass closure of particulate matter at six urban sites in Europe, Atmos. Environ., 40 (Suppl. 2), S212-S233, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.063
• [42]. Silva R. A., West J. J., Zhang Y., Anenberg S. A., Lamarque J.-F., Shindell D. T., Collins W. J., Dalsoren S., Faluvegi G., Folberth G., Horowitz L. W., Nagashima T., Naik V., Rumbold S., Skeie R., Sudo K., Takemura T., Bergmann D., Cameron-Smith P., Cionni I., Doherty R. M., Eyring V., Josse B., MacKenzie I. A., Plummer D., Righi M., Stevenson D. S., Strode S., Szopa S., Zeng G., 2013, Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change, Environ. Res. Lett., 8 (3), 034005, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034005
• [43]. Svendsen L. M., Staaf H., Gustafsson B., Pyhälä M., Kotilainen P., Batrnicki J., Knuuttila S., Durkin M., 2013, Review of the fifth Baltic Sea pollution load compilation for the 2013 HELCOM ministerial meeting, Baltic Sea Environ. Proc. No. 141, Helsinki Comm.
• [44]. Stipa T., Jalkanen J.-P., Hongisto M., Kalli J., Brink A., 2007, Emissions of NOx from Baltic shipping and first estimates of their effects on air quality and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea, 33 pp., [https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/1209 (9.12.2013)].
• [45]. Tuovinen J.-P., 1992, A dispersion model of air pollutants based on the K theory of turbulent diffusion, Teknillinen korkeakoulu, Teknillisen fysiikan koulutusohjelma, Diplomityö, 109 pp., (in Finnish).
• [46]. Unden P., Rontu L., Järvinen H., 2002, HIRLAM-5 Final Report, 146 pp., [http://www.hirlam.org (9.12.2013)].
• [47]. Winebrake J. J., Corbett J. J., Green E. H., Lauer A., Eyring V., 2009, Mitigating the health impacts of pollution from oceangoing shipping: An assessment of low-sulfur fuel mandates, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43 (13), 4776-4782, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es803224q