Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Stratowulkany na granicy chilijsko-boliwijskiej jako geoatrakcje
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The cluster of stratovolcanoes located on the Chilean-Bolivian border, in the Western Cordillera, is composed of typical, for that part of the Central Volcanic Zone in the Andes, volcanic landforms. The highest volcano is the Nevado Sajama (6,542 m a.s.l.), apparently extinct. The other: Parinacota (6,336 m a.s.l.), Pomerape (6,222 m a.s.l.), Acotango (6,052 m a.s.l.) and Cerro Quisiquisini (5,542 m a.s.l.) were all active in both the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Recently, only the Guallatiri Volcano (6,071 m a.s.l.) is still active. The summits of these mountains are covered with permanent snow or ice caps. On the slopes, there are post-glacial valleys, rocks glaciers and debris avalanches. In the vicinity of volcanic cones, active fumaroles occur, along with hot springs, geysers and high-mountain peat bogs (bofedales), in addition to one of the highest in the world mountain lakes – the Lago Chungará (4,520 m a.s.l.). The unique landform is a huge debris avalanche and was formed during the eruption of the Parinacota Volcano. Small villages settled by Aymara Indians and their cultural monuments complete the extraordinary landscape of the Altiplano Plateau. The values of biotic nature are also unique and deserving of protection on both sides of the state border. Moreover, these sites have been registered into the UNESCO World Heritage List. Modest accommodation facilities located off the main roads satisfy the qualified tourists interested in volcanology. The authors describe the grueling trekking trails, the climbing routes leading to the summits of volcanoes and the other geoattractions, accessible for ordinary hikers.
Stratowulkany zgrupowane na chilijsko-boliwijskiej granicy, w Kordylierze Zachodniej, są klasycznymi formami dla tej części Centralnej Strefy Wulkanicznej w Andach. Najwyższy jest wygasły wulkan Nevado Sajama (6542 m n.p.m.). Wulkany Parinacota (6336 m n.p.m.), Pomerape (6222 m n.p.m.), Acotango (6052 m n.p.m.) i Cerro Quisiquisini (5542 m n.p.m.) były aktywne w plejstocenie i holocenie. Jedynie wulkan Guallatiri (6071 m n.p.m.) pozostaje nadal aktywny. Ich wierzchołki pokryte są wiecznym śniegiem lub czapą lodową. Na stokach wulkanów występują doliny polodowcowe, lawiny i lodowce gruzowe. W ich sąsiedztwie są aktywne fumarole, gejzery, gorące źródła, wysokogórskie torfowiska bofedales, a także jedno z najwyżej położonych jezior górskich na świecie – Lago Chungará (4520 m n.p.m.). Rzadko spotykaną formą jest wielkich rozmiarów lawina gruzowa, która powstała podczas erupcji wulkanu Parinacota. Małe osady Indian Aymara i zabytki ich kultury dopełniają niezwykłego charakteru krajobrazu pustkowi na Altiplano. Przyroda ożywiona po obu stronach granicy Boliwii z Chile jest na tyle wyjątkowa, że została wpisana na Listę Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO. Położenie na uboczu szlaków komunikacyjnych oraz skromna baza noclegowa gwarantują wykwalifikowanemu turyście zainteresowanemu wulkanologią wrażenie odkrywania nowych, dzikich szlaków. W pracy opisano zarówno trudno dostępne szlaki na szczyty wulkanów, jak i geoatrakcje spotykane na trasie górskiego trekkingu.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
47--64
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 52 poz., rys., tab., zdj.
Twórcy
autor
- KGHM Polska Miedź SA, Polkowice-Sieroszowice Mine, Kaźmierzów 100, 59-101 Polkowice, Poland
autor
- Division of Mineral Policy, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Krakow, Poland
Bibliografia
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-c8584738-4157-404b-965e-36dce1bf6417