PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Tytuł artykułu

Crumb rubber geopolymer mortar at elevated temperature exposure

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Low calcium fly ash is used as the main material in the mixture and the crumb rubber was used in replacing fine aggregates in geopolymer mortar. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) which were high alkaline solution were incorporated as the alkaline solution. The fly ash reacted with the alkaline solution forming alumino-silicate gel that binds the aggregate to produce a geopolymer mortar. The loading of crumb rubber in the fly ash based geopolymer mortar was set at 0% (CRGM-0), 5% (CRGM-5), 10% (CRGM-10), 15% (CRGM-15), and 20% (CRGM-20), respectively. NaOH solution (12M) and Na2SiO3 solution ratio is set constant at 2.5 for all geopolymer mixture and the fly ash to alkali activator ratio was kept at 2.0. The CRGM at 28 days of curing time was exposed to elevated temperature at 200ºC, 400ºC, 600ºC and 800ºC. The weight loss of the CRGM increases with increasing temperature at all elevated temperatures. However, the density and compressive strength of CRGM decrease with an increase of crumb rubber loading for all elevated temperature exposure. The compressive strength of CRGM reduced due to the fact that rubber decomposes between 200ºC and 600ºC thereby creating voids. CRGM-15 and CRGM-20 showed cracks developed with rough surface at 800ºC. Image obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that, the CRGM changed significantly due to the decomposition of crumb rubber and evaporation of the free water at 400ºC, 600ºC and 800ºC.
Twórcy
  • Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
  • Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
  • Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, University Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  • Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  • Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  • Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Branch, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
autor
  • Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
  • Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
Bibliografia
  • [1] D. Hardjito, B.V. Rangan, Development and properties of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Curtin University of Technology, Curtin Publishing, 2005.
  • [2] M.M.A.B. Abdullah, K. Hussin, M. Bnhussain, et al., “Fly ash-based geopolymer lightweight concrete using foaming agent”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2012, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 7186-7198, DOI: 10.3390/ijms13067186.
  • [3] F. Pacheco-Torgal, A. Shasavandi, S. Jalali, “Eco-efficient concrete using industrial wastes: A review”, Materials Science Forum, 2012, vol. 730-732, pp. 581-586, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.581.
  • [4] A. Mohajerani, D. Suter, T. Jeffrey-Bailey, et al., “Recycling waste materials in geopolymer concrete”, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2019, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 493-515, DOI: 10.1007/s10098-018-01660-2.
  • [5] O.H. Li, et al., “Evaluation of the effect of silica fume on amorphous fly ash geopolymers exposed to elevated temperature”, Magnetochemistry, 2021, vol. 7, no. 1, DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7010009.
  • [6] W.W.A. Zailani, et al., “Characterisation at the Bonding Zone between Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Repair Materials (GRM) and Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete (OPCC)”, Materials, 2021, vol. 14, no. 1, DOI: 10.3390/ma14010056.
  • [7] N.F. Shahedan, et al., “Properties of a New Insulation Material Glass Bubble in Geopolymer Concrete”, Materials, 2021, vol. 14, no. 4, DOI: 10.3390/ma14040809.
  • [8] T. Edeska¨r, Technical and environmental properties of tyre shreds focusing on ground engineering applications. Lulea, 2004.
  • [9] Y. Grohens, S.K. Kumar, A. Boudenne, Y. Weimin, Eds., Recycling and reuse of materials and their products. CRC Press, 2013.
  • [10] M. Chemrouk, “The Deteriorations of Reinforced Concrete and the Option of High Performances Reinforced Concrete”, Procedia Engineering, 2015, vol. 125, pp. 713-724, DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.112.
  • [11] I.B. Topçu, “The properties of rubberized concretes”, Cement and Concrete Research, 1995, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 304-310, DOI: 10.1016/0008-8846(95)00014-3.
  • [12] I.B. Topçu, “Assessment of the brittleness index of rubberized concretes”, Cement and Concrete Research, 1997, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 177-183, DOI: 10.1016/s0008-8846(96)00199-8.
  • [13] M. Emiroglu, S. Yildiz, O. Kelestemur, M.H. Kelestemur, “Bond performance of rubber particles in the self-compacting concrete”, Bond in Concrete. 2012, pp. 779-786.
  • [14] Y. El-Sherbini, A.K. Abdel-Gawad, A. Shalaby, A. El-Gammal, “Compressive strength of concrete utilizing waste tire rubber”, Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2010, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 96-99.
  • [15] B.D. Reddy, S.A. Jyothy, P.R. Babu, “Experimental investigation on concrete by partially replacement of ware aggregate with junk rubber”, The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 2013, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 61-65.
  • [16] Z. Boudaoud, M. Beddar, “Effects of Recycled Tires Rubber Aggregates on the Characteristics of Cement Concrete”, Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 2012, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 193-197, DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2012.24025.
  • [17] D. Raghavan, H. Huynh, C.F. Ferraris, “Workability, mechanical properties, and chemical stability of a recycled tyre rubber-filled cementitious composite”, Journal of Materials Science, 1998, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1745-1752, DOI: 10.1023/a:1004372414475.
  • [18] F. Hernández-Olivares, G. Barluenga, M. Bollati, B. Witoszek, “Static and dynamic behaviour of recycled tyre rubber-filled concrete”, Cement and Concrete Research, 2002, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 1587-1596, DOI: 10.1016/s0008-8846(02)00833-5.
  • [19] K. Kovler, N. Roussel, “Properties of fresh and hardened concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, 2011, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 775-792, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.009.
  • [20] I.B. Topçu, T. Bilir, “Experimental investigation of some fresh and hardened properties of rubberized self-compacting concrete”, Materials & Design, 2009, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 3056-3065, DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2008.12.011.
  • [21] M.K. Ismail, A.A.A. Hassan, “Performance of Full-Scale Self-Consolidating Rubberized Concrete Beams in Flexure”, ACI Materials Journal, 2016, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 207-218.
  • [22] I.B. Topçu, T. Uygunoglu, “Sustainability of using waste rubber in concrete”, in Sustainability of Construction Materials. Woodhead Publishing, 2016, pp. 597-623.
  • [23] A.C. Ho, A. Turatsinze, R. Hameed, D.C. Vu, “Effects of rubber aggregates from grinded used tyres on the concrete resistance to cracking”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2012, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 209-215, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.09.016.
  • [24] N. Deshpande, S.S. Kulkarni, T. Pawar, V. Gunde, “Experimental investigation on strength characteristics of concrete using tyre rubber as aggregates in concrete”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research and Development, 2014, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 97-108.
  • [25] R. Hooton, M. Nehdi, A. Khan, “Cementitious Composites Containing Recycled Tire Rubber: An Overview of Engineering Properties and Potential Applications”, Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 2001, vol. 23, no. 1, DOI: 10.1520/cca10519j.
  • [26] T.-H. Nguyen, A. Toumi, A. Turatsinze, F. Tazi, “Restrained shrinkage cracking in steel fibre reinforced and rubberised cement-based mortars”, Materials and Structures, 2011, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 899-904, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-011-9806-x.
  • [27] M.M.A.B. Abdullah, S.N.F.S. Adam, M.A. Bakar, K. Leong, “Comparison of rubber as aggregate and rubber as filler in concrete”, in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Materials 2007 (ICoMS 2007), Penang, Malaysia. 2007.
  • [28] N.A. Emira, N.S. Bajaba, “The effect of rubber crumbs addition on some mechanical properties of concrete composites”, International Journal of Mechanic Systems Engineering, 2012, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 53-58.
  • [29] J. Davidovits, “30 years of successes and failures in geopolymer applications-Market trends and potential breakthroughs”, in Proceedings of the Geopolymer 2002 Conference, October 28-29, Melbourne, Australia. 2002.
  • [30] T.W. Cheng, J.P. Chiu, “Fire-resistant geopolymer produced by granulated blast furnace slag”, Minerals Engineering, 2003, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 205-210, DOI: 10.1016/s0892-6875(03)00008-6.
  • [31] V.F.F. Barbosa, K.J.D. MacKenzie, “Thermal behaviour of inorganic geopolymers and composites derived from sodium polysialate”, Materials Research Bulletin, 2003, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 319-331, DOI: 10.1016/s0025-5408(02)01022-x.
  • [32] V.F.F. Barbosa, K.J.D. MacKenzie, “Synthesis and thermal behaviour of potassium sialate geopolymers”, Materials Letters, 2003, vol. 57, no. 9-10, pp. 1477-1482, DOI: 10.1016/s0167-577x(02)01009-1.
  • [33] D. Hardjito, S.E. Wallah, D.M. Sumajouw, B.V. Rangan, “On the Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete”, ACI Materials Journal, 2004, vol. 101, no. 6, pp. 467-472, DOI: 10.14359/13485.
  • [34] T. Bakharev, “Geopolymeric materials prepared using Class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing”, Cement and Concrete Research, 2005, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1224-1232, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.031.
  • [35] T. Bakharev, “Resistance of geopolymer materials to acid attack”, Cement and Concrete Research, 2005, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 658-670, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.005.
  • [36] D.L.Y. Kong, J.G. Sanjayan, K. Sagoe-Crentsil, “Comparative performance of geopolymers made with metakaolin and fly ash after exposure to elevated temperatures”, Cement and Concrete Research, 2007, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 1583-1589, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.021.
  • [37] D.L.Y. Kong, J.G. Sanjayan, “Damage behavior of geopolymer composites exposed to elevated temperatures”, Cement and Concrete Composites, 2008, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 986-991, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.08.001.
  • [38] D.L.Y. Kong, J.G. Sanjayan, “Effect of elevated temperatures on geopolymer paste, mortar and concrete”, Cement and Concrete Research, 2010, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 334-339, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.10.017.
  • [39] N. Lloyd,V. Rangan, “Geopolymer Concrete-Sustainable Cementless Concrete”, in 10th ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute, 2009.
  • [40] O. Abdulkareem, M. Abdullah, K. Hussin, et al., “Mechanical and Microstructural Evaluations of Lightweight Aggregate Geopolymer Concrete before and after Exposed to Elevated Temperatures”, Materials, 2013, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 4450-4461, DOI: 10.3390/ma6104450.
  • [41] O.A. Abdulkareem, A.M.M. Al Bakri, H. Kamarudin, et al., “Effects of elevated temperatures on the thermal behavior and mechanical performance of fly ash geopolymer paste, mortar and lightweight concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, 2014, vol. 50, pp. 377-387, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.047.
  • [42] O.A. Abdulkareem, A.M.M. Al Bakri, H. Kamarudin, et al., “Fire Resistance Evaluation of Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete System Exposed to Elevated Temperatures of 100-800C”, Key Engineering Materials, 2013, vol. 594-595, pp. 427-432, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.427.
  • [43] H.C. Yong, L.Y. Ming, A.M.M. Al Bakri, et al., “Fire Resistant Properties of Geopolymers: A Review”, Key Engineering Materials, 2015, vol. 660, pp. 39-43, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.39.
  • [44] H.C. Yong, L.Y. Ming, A.M.M. Al Bakri, K. Hussin, “Thermal Resistance Variations of Fly Ash Geopolymers: Foaming Responses”, Scientific Reports, 2017, vol. 7, no. 1, DOI: 10.1038/srep45355.
  • [45] N. Ariffin, et al., “Effect of Aluminium Powder on Kaolin-Based Geopolymer Characteristic and Removal of Cu2+”, Materials, 2021, vol. 14, no. 4, DOI: 10.3390/ma14040814.
  • [46] A. Foden, R. Lyon, P. Balaguru, et al., “High temperature inorganic resin for use in fiber reinforced composites”, in Proceedings of 1st international conference on composites in infrastructures, University of Arizona. 1996, pp. 166-177.
  • [47] S. Luhar, S. Chaudhary, I. Luhar, “Thermal resistance of fly ash based rubberized geopolymer concrete”, Journal of Building Engineering, 2018, vol. 19, pp. 420-428, DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2018.05.025.
  • [48] A. Hassan, M. Arif, M. Shariq, “Mechanical Behaviour and Microstructural Investigation of Geopolymer Concrete After Exposure to Elevated Temperatures”, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 3843-3861, DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-04269-9.
  • [49] ASTM C168 Standard terminology relating to thermal insulation. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.
  • [50] ASTM C109 Standard Test Method for Compressize Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020.
  • [51] ASTM C138 Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.
  • [52] ASTM B748 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by Measurement of Cross Section with a Scanning Electron Microscope. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016.
  • [53] M.W. Hussin, M.A.R. Bhutta, M. Azreen, et al., “Performance of blended ash geopolymer concrete at elevated temperatures”, Materials and Structures, 2015, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 709-720, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-014-0251-5.
  • [54] Y. Tang, W. Feng, Z. Chen, et al., “Fracture behavior of a sustainable material: Recycled concrete with waste crumb rubber subjected to elevated temperatures”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, vol. 318, art. ID 128553, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128553.
  • [55] A.M. Marques, J.R. Correia, J. de Brito, “Post-fire residual mechanical properties of concrete made with recycled rubber aggregate”, Fire Safety Journal, 2013, vol. 58, pp. 49-57, DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.02.002.
  • [56] M.A. Muhammad, W.A.A. Faraj, M.R. Abdul-Kadir, “Effect of Impact Load on Concrete Containing Recycled Tire Rubber Aggregate with and without Fire Exposure”, Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, 2020, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 49-65, DOI: 10.24017/science.2020.1.4.
  • [57] I. Hager, M. Sitarz, K. Mróz, “Fly-ash based geopolymer mortar for high-temperature application - Effect of slag addition”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, vol. 316, art. ID 128168, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128168.
  • [58] M. Mousavimehr, M. Nematzadeh, “Predicting post-fire behavior of crumb rubber aggregate concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, 2019, vol. 229, art. ID 116834, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116834.
  • [59] A.M. Mhaya, M.H. Baghban, I. Faridmehr, et al., “Performance Evaluation of Modified Rubberized Concrete Exposed to Aggressive Environments”, Materials, 2021, vol. 14, no. 8, art. ID 1900, DOI: 10.3390/ma14081900.
  • [60] Y. Guo, J. Zhang, G. Chen, Z. Xie, “Compressive behaviour of concrete structures incorporating recycled concrete aggregates, rubber crumb and reinforced with steel fibre, subjected to elevated temperatures”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, vol. 72, pp. 193-203, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.02.036.
  • [61] Y. Tang, W. Feng, Z. Chen, et al., “Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containing Recycled Rubber”, Frontiers in Materials, 2021, vol. 8, DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2021.655097.
  • [62] M. Sitarz, I. Hager, J. Kochanek, “Effect of High Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Mortar”, MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018, vol. 163, art. ID 06004, DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201816306004.
  • [63] P. Duxson, G.C. Lukey, J.S.J. van Deventer, "Physical evolution of Na-geopolymer derived from metakaolin up to 1000ºC", Journal of Materials Science, 2007, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 3044-3054, DOI: 10.1007/s10853-006-0535-4.
  • [64] J. He, G. Zhang, “Geopolymerization of red mud and fly ash for civil infrastructure applications”, in Geo-Frontiers 2011: Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, pp. 1287-1296.
  • [65] M.R. AbdulKadir, et al., “Effect of High Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Rubberized Concrete Using Recycled Tire Rubber as Fine Aggregate Replacement”, Engineering and Technology Journal, 2018, vol. 36, no. 8A, DOI: 10.30684/etj.36.8a.10.
  • [66] C. Wu, V.C. Li, “Thermal-mechanical behaviors of CFRP-ECC hybrid under elevated temperatures”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2017, vol. 110, pp. 255-266, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.037.
  • [67] J. Davidovits, Geopolymer Chemistry And Applications, 5th ed. Geopolymer Institute, 2020.
  • [68] H. Fawzy, S. Mustafa, A. Abd El Badie, “Effect of Elevated Temperature on Concrete Containing Waste Tires Rubber”, Egyptian Journal for Engineering Sciences and Technology, 2020, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1-13, DOI: 10.21608/eijest.2020.97315.
  • [69] H.M. Mahmod, A.A.F.N. Aznieta, S.J. Gatea, “Evaluation of rubberized fibre mortar exposed to elevated temperature using destructive and non-destructive testing”, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2017, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1347-1358, DOI: 10.1007/s12205-016-0721-0.
  • [70] F. Aslani, Z. Asif, “Properties of Ambient-Cured Normal and Heavyweight Geopolymer Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures”, Materials, 2019, vol. 12, no. 5, DOI: 10.3390/ma12050740.
  • [71] T. Gupta, S. Siddique, R.K. Sharma, S. Chaudhary, “Effect of elevated temperature and cooling regimes on mechanical and durability properties of concrete containing waste rubber fiber”, Construction and Building Materials, 2017, vol. 137, pp. 35-45, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.065.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-c798e8d4-5321-46e6-a4a6-f31355f85f70
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.