Structural and surface characterization of adsorbents applied in liquid chromatography

• Autorzy: Lech-Przywara Regina , Galek Tomasz , Przywara Mateusz , Zapała Lidia , Zapała Wojciech

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12913/22998624/207426

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A detailed analysis of the four commercial stationary phases often applied in liquid chromatography was performed using the following: SEM-EDS techniques and specific surface area and porosity analysis methods (multipoint BET, BJH, DH and DFT). The SEM-EDS results confirmed that the main component of all adsorbents examined is silica (SiO₂), while differences in oxygen content indicate varied approaches to surface modification, ranging from the strongly hydrophilic phase of TSK Gel Amide-80 to the hydrophobic Nucleodur C18 Gravity. Besides, the presence of trace amounts of metals may influence the additional analyte-adsorbent interaction of different nature. A comparison of specific adsorbent surface area data obtained using the multipoint BET method with the manufacturers values revealed significant discrepancies in the cases of TSK Gel Amide 80 and Nucleodur C18 Gravity, which may be the result of differences in pore accessibility and measurement methods. However, the Eurospher II 100-5 HILIC and Purospher STAR NH₂ phases showed good agreement with the manufacturers data. The porous structure of the phase studied shows significant differences: TSK Gel Amide 80 is characterized by mesopores with a uniform distribution, which favor the retention of larger molecules; Eurospher II 100-5 HILIC is microporous and selective for small, polar analytes; Nucleodur C18 Gravity has a structure typical of reversed phase materials; and Purospher STAR NH₂ exhibits the highest porosity, which favors the retention of large molecules, although it can also lead to the retention of undesirable analytes.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

adsorbent; liquid chromatography; SEM-EDS; scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; multipoint BET; porosity

• Wydawca: Lublin University of Technology ; Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE), Branch of PTIE in Lublin
• Czasopismo: Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: Vol. 19, no. 9
• Strony: 292--309
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 33 poz., fig., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Lech-Przywara Regina

• Doctoral School of the Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2880-1172

autor

Galek Tomasz

• Department of Integrated Design and Tribology Systems, Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszow University of Technology, ul. Kwiatkowskiego, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7775-0908

autor

Przywara Mateusz

• Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-7811

autor

Zapała Lidia

• Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

autor

Zapała Wojciech

• Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8225-7480

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