Trends and prospects in lead-acid battery developments

• Autorzy: Ryś Piotr Andrzej , Siekierski Maciej , Kłos Mariusz , Moszczyński Piotr
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In the recent years the interest in lead-acid batteries has resurfaced, amidst the rising need for power storage technologies spanning to not only mobile, but as well, stationary applications. While the lithium-ion batteries remain one of the most common power sources in today’s western world, due to many concerns regarding various shortcomings of the said technology alternatives are often discussed. There is push for adapting lead-acid batteries (as part of the advanced lead acid battery initiative) as replacement for the lithium batteries in the non-western nations, as well as, in the USA reflects, therefore, predominantly to their lower price and reliability in hotter climates. Furthermore – due to the rising needs for uninterrupted power delivery systems, new designs of such are being developed and implement in the western world in hope of meeting the demands of the market. As a result new additives to electrode material, as well as, battery designs have been developed and are currently being considered for inclusion in the modern lead-acid battery construction.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

lead-acid battery; energy storage; construction material

PL

akumulator kwasowo-ołowiowy; magazynowanie energii; materiał konstrukcyjny

• Wydawca: Institute of Heat Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Power Technologies
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 104, nr 1
• Strony: 67--85
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 83 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Ryś Piotr Andrzej

• Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inogranic Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology

autor

Siekierski Maciej

• Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inogranic Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology

autor

Kłos Mariusz

• Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology

autor

Moszczyński Piotr

• Bater Sp.zo.o., Dźwigowa 63, 01-376 Warszawa

Bibliografia

• [1] Kurzweil, P. (2010). Gaston Plante and his invention of the lead-acid battery-The genesis of the first practical rechargeable battery. Journal of Power Sources, 195(14), 4424-4434. doi: 10.10 l 6/j.jpowsour.2009.12.126
• [2] David Linden, Thomas B. Reddy, ,,Handbook of Batteries. Third Edition", McGraw-Hill Professional, New York 2002
• [3] C. Smith, "Storage Batteries. Third Edition", Pitman Publishing Limited, London 1980
• [4] D. Berndt, "Maintenance-free Batteries: Lead-acid, Nickel/cadmium, Nickel/ metal Hydride: a Handbook of Battery Technology, in: Electronic & Electrical Engineering Research Studies", Second ed., Vol. 3, Power Sources Technology, Research Studies Press and John Wiley & Sons, Somerset and England and New York, 1997.
• [5] Wei Liu, Jing Sang, Lujun Chen, Jinping Tian, Huatang Zhang, Grecia Olvera Palma, Life cycle assessment of lead-acid batteries used in electric bicycles in China, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 108, Part A, 2015, Pages 1149-1156, ISSN 0959-6526
• [6] Weinert, J. X., Burke, A. F., & Wei, X. (2007). Lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries for the Chinese electric bike market and implications on future technology advancement. Journal of Power Sources, 172(2), 938-945.
• [7] Pavlov, D. (2011). Fundamentals of Lead-Acid Batteries. Lead-Acid Batteries: Science and Technology, 29-114
• [8] Detchko Pavlov, Chapter 4 - Lead Alloys and Grids. Grid Design Principles, Lead-Acid Batteries: Science and Technology (Second Edition), Elsevier, 2017, Pages 169-243,
• [9] R.D. Prengaman, A.H. Mirza, "20 - Recycling concepts for lead-acid batteries", Editor(s): Jurgen Garche, Eckhard Karden, Patrick T. Moseley, David A.J. Rand, "Lead-Acid Batteries for Future Automobiles", Elsevier, 2017, Pages 575-598
• [10] Sloop, S. E., Kotaich, K., Ellis, T. W., & Clarke, R. (2009). RECYCLING I Lead-Acid Batteries: Electrochemical. Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 179-187.
• [11] Joshi, B. V., Vipin, B., Ramkumar, J., & Amit, R. K. (2021). Impact of policy instruments on lead-acid battery recycling: A system dynamics approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 169, 105528.
• [12] Liu, T., Bao, Z., & Qiu, K. (2020). Recycling of lead from spent lead-acid battery by vacuum reduction-separation of Pb-Sb alloy coupling technology. Waste Management, 103, 45-51.
• [13] Ericson, B., Duong, T. T., Keith, J., Nguyen, T. C., Havens, D., Daniell, W., ... Patrick Taylor, M. (2018). Improving human health outcomes with a low-cost intervention to reduce exposures from lead acid battery recycling: Dong Mai, Vietnam.
• [14] Sazal Kumar, Md. Aminur Rahman, Md. Rashidul Islam, Md. Abul Hashem, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, "Lead and other elements-based pollution in soil, crops and water near a lead-acid battery recycling factory in Bangladesh,", Chemosphere, Volume 290, 2022, 133288
• [15] Saurabh Meshram, Raghwendra Singh Thakur, Ghoshna Jyoti, Chandrakant Thakur, Anupam B. Soni, "Optimization of lead adsorption from lead-acid battery recycling unit wastewater using H2SO4 modified activated carbon", Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, Volume 99, Issue 6, 2022, 100469,
• [16] Tan, S., Payne, D. J., Hallett, J. P., & Kelsall, G. H. (2019). Developments in electrochemical processes for recycling lead-acid batteries. Current Opinion on Electrochemistry. doi: 10.1016/j.coelec.2019.04.023
• [17] Eaves-Rathert, Janna and Moyer-Vanderburgh, Kathleen and Wolfe, Kody and Zohair, Murtaza and Pint, Cary, Leveraging Impurities in Recycled Lead Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ENSM-D-22-01276
• [18] Sloop, S. E., Kotaich, K., Ellis, T. W., & Clarke, R. (2009). RECYCLING I Lead-Acid Batteries: Overview. Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 165-178.
• [19] Konstantin L. Timofeev, Alexey A. Korolev, and Gennady I. Maltsev, "Processing of Sb-PbSn- Containing Materials", TECHNOGEN-2019 IV Congress "Fundamental research and applied developing of recycling and utilization processes of technogenic formations" Volume 2020
• [20] Harmse, M. J., & McCrindle, R. I. (2002). The determination of antimony in lead-antimony alloys using ICP-OES and internal standardisation. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 17(10), 1411-1414.
• [21] Tariq, F., Umair Azher, S., & Naz, N. (2010). Failure Analysis of Cast Lead-Antimony Battery Grids. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 10(2), 152-160.
• [22] Dupont, D., Arnout, S., Jones, P. T., & Binnemans, K. (2016). Antimony Recovery from End-of Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 2(1), 79-103.
• [23] Liu, T., & Qiu, K. (2018). Removing antimony from waste lead storage batteries alloy by vacuum displacement reaction technology. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 347, 334-340.
• [24] Liu, T., Bao, Z., & Qiu, K. (2020). Recycling of lead from spent lead-acid battery by vacuum reduction-separation of Pb-Sb alloy coupling technology. Waste Management, 103, 45-51.
• [25] Palden, T., Machiels, L., Regadfo, M., & Binnemans, K. (2021). Antimony Recovery from LeadRich Dross of Lead Smelter and Conversion into Antimony Oxide Chloride (Sb4O5Cl2). ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 9(14), 5074-5084.
• [26] R.V. Kumar, A low-cost green technology for recovering lead paste and lead-alloy grid materials for spent lead acid batteries, Miner. Process. Extract. Metall. Trans. Inst. Min. Metall.: Sec. C 126 (2017) 89-93.
• [27] O.J. Dada, Higher capacity utilization and rate performance of lead acid battery electrodes using graphene additives, J. Energy Storage 23 (2019) 579-589.
• [28] P.P. Lopes, R. Vojislav, R. Stamenkovic , Past, present, and future of lead-acid batteries, Science 369 (6506) (2020) 923-924. [25] N. Sugumaran, P. Everill, S.W. Swogger, D.P. Dubey, Lead-acid battery performance and cycle life increased through addition of discrete carbon nanotubes to both electrodes, J. Power Sources 279 (2015) 281-293.
• [29] Lach, J., Wróbel, K., Wróbel, J., Podsadni, P., & Czerwiński, A. (2019). Applications of carbon in lead-acid batteries: a review. Journal of Solid-State Electrochemistry.
• [30] Calborean, A., Murariu, T., & Morari, C. (2021). Optimized lead-acid grid architectures for automotive lead-acid batteries: An electrochemical analysis. Electrochimica Acta, 372,
• [31] T. i~ler, M. Mazman, Mutlu Aku ve Malz. A.~., Turkey, New Design and Analysis of Lead Acid Battery Grid, Comsol conference 2019
• [32] Kebede, A. A., Coosemans, T., Messagie, M., Jemal, T., Behabtu, H. A., Van Mierlo, J., & Berecibar, M. (2021). Techno-economic analysis of lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries in stationary energy storage application. Journal of Energy Storage, 40, 102748.
• [33] Kirchev, A. (2017). Alternative current collectors. Lead-Acid Batteries for Future Automobiles, 301-321.
• [34] Lannelongue, J., Cugnet, M., Guillet, N., & Kirchev, A. (2017). Electrochemistry of thin-plate lead-carbon batteries employing alternative current collectors. Journal of Power Sources, 352, 194-207.
• [34] B. Hariprakash, A.U. Mane, S.K. Martha, S.A. Gaffor, S. Shivashankar, A. Shu, A. Shukla, A. Low-Cost, High energy-density lead/acid battery, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7 (3) (2004) 66-69.
• [35] S K MARTHA, B HARIPRAKASH, SA GAFFOOR, D C TRIVEDI, AK SHUKLA, A low-cost leadacid battery with high specific-energy, J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 118, No. l, February 2006, 93-98.
• [36] Soria, M., Fullea, J., Saez, F., & Trinidad, F. (1999). Lead-acid batteries with polymerstructured electrodes for electric-vehicle applications. Journal of Power Sources, 78(1-2), 220-230
• [37] Lushina, M., Kamenev, Y., Leonov, V., & Ostapenko, E. (2005). Use of expanded copper mesh grid for negative electrodes of sealed lead storage batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 148, 95-104.
• [38] Lannelongue, J., Cugnet, M., Guillet, N., De Vito, E., Boulineau, A., & Kirchev, A. (2018). Operation of thin-plate positive lead-acid battery electrodes employing titanium current collectors. Journal of Energy Storage, 20, 230-243.
• [39] Zhang, S., Zhang, H., Cheng, J., Zhang, W., Cao, G., Zhao, H., & Yang, Y. (2016). Novel polymergraphite composite grid as a negative current collector for lead-acid batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 334, 31-38.
• [40] Yolshina, L.A., Yolshina, V. A., Yolshin, A. N., & Plaksin, S. V. (2015). Novel lead-graphene and lead-graphite metallic composite materials for possible applications as positive electrode grid in lead-acid battery. Journal of Power Sources, 278, 87-97.
• [41] Sugumaran, N.; Everill, P.; Swogger, S. W.; Dubey, D. P. Lead acid battery performance and cycle life increased through addition of discrete carbon nanotubes to both electrodes. J. Power Sources 2015, 279, 281- 293,
• [42] Saravanan, M.; Ganesan, M.; Ambalavanan, S. Enhanced electrochemical performance of a lead-acid battery by a surface modified negative grid with multiwall carbon nanotube coating. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 26081- 26091
• [43] Kirchev, A., Kircheva, N., & Perrin, M. (2011). Carbon honeycomb grids for advanced leadacid batteries. Part I: Proof of concept. Journal of Power Sources, 196(20), 8773-8788. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.06.021
• [44] Agence nationale de la recherche - Carbon honeycomb current collectors for light-weight lead-acid batteries - CARBOLEAD 2010
• [45] Kirchev, A., Dumenil, S., Alias, M., Christin, R., de Mascarel, A., & Perrin, M. (2015). Carbon honeycomb grids for advanced lead-acid batteries. Part II: Operation of the negative plates. Journal of Power Sources, 279, 809-824.
• [46] Kirchev, A., Serra, L., Dumenil, S., Brichard, G., Alias, M., Jammet, B., & Vinit, L. (2015). Carbon honeycomb grids for advanced lead-acid batteries. Part III: Technology scale-up. Journal of Power Sources, 299, 324-333.
• [47] Baca, P.; Micka, K.; Krivfk, P.; Tonar, K.; Toser, P. Study of the influence of carbon on the negative lead-acid battery electrodes. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 3988- 3992
• [48] Fernandez, M.; Valenciana, J.; Trinidad, F.; Munoz, N. The use of activated carbon and graphite for the development of lead-acid batteries for hybrid vehicle applications. J. Power Sources 2010, 195, 4458- 4469,
• [49] Doraswamy, S., Srinivas, K., Murthy, K. S. N., Jagadish, M., & Vasudeva Rao, V. (2021). Effect of milled carbon as negative electrode additive for lead acid energy storage device. Materials Today: Proceedings, 38, 3131-3135.
• [50] Hu, H.-Y., Xie, N., Wang, C., Wang, L.-Y., Privette, R. M., Li, H.-F., ... Dai, G.-P. (2018). Enhanced Performance of E-Bike Motive Power Lead-Acid Batteries with Graphene as an Additive to the Active Mass. ACS Omega, 3(6), 7096-7105.
• [51] Meyers, J.P., de Guzman, R. C., Swogger, S. W., Mccarrell, C., McPherson, J., Guan, J., Everill, P. (2020). Discrete carbon nanotubes promote resistance to corrosion in lead-acid batteries by altering the grid-active material interface. Journal of Energy Storage, 32, 101983.
• [52] Bhattacharya, A., & Basumallick, I. N. (2003). Effect of mixed additives on lead-acid battery electrolyte. Journal of Power Sources, 113(2), 382-387.
• [53] Wu, Z., Liu, Y., Deng, C., Zhao, H., Zhao, R., & Chen, H. (2020). The critical role of boric acid as electrolyte additive on the electrochemical performance of lead-acid battery. Journal of Energy Storage, 27, 101076.
• [54] Wang, Q., Liu, J., Yang, D., Yuan, X., Li, L., Zhu, X., ... Yang, J. (2015). Stannous sulfate as an electrolyte additive for lead acid battery made from a novel ultrafine leady oxide. Journal of Power Sources, 285, 485-492.
• [55] Rezaei, B., Mallakpour, S., & Taki, M. (2009). Application of ionic liquids as an electrolyte additive on the electrochemical behavior of lead acid battery. Journal of Power Sources, 187(2), 605-612
• [56] Deyab, M. A. (2018). Ionic liquid as an electrolyte additive for high performance lead-acid batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 390, 176-180.
• [57] Yazd, M. S., Molazemi, A., & Moayed, M. H. (2006). The effects of different additives in electrolyte of AGM batteries on self-discharge. Journal of Power Sources, 158(1), 705-709.
• [58] Mansuroglu, A., Gencten, M., Arvas, M. B., Sahin, M., Bozdogan, A. E., & Sahin, Y. (2021). A novel electrolyte additive for gel type valve regulated lead acid batteries: Sulfur doped graphene oxide. International Journal of Energy Research.
• [59] Mansuroglu, A., Gencten, M., Arvas, M. B., Sahin, M., Bozdogan, A. E., & Sahin, Y. N-Doped Graphene Oxide as Additive for Fumed Silica Based Gel Electrolyte of Valve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society (2021)., Volume 168, Number 6
• [60] Evaluation of Energy Storage Technologies, Trans Grid Solutions Inc. 2016, p 14.
• [61] J. Yu, P. Yang, Y. Gong, K. Che, S. Zeng and M. Wei, "Research on energy storage technology of lead-acid battery based on "reduction and resource utilization", " 2022 2nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Science (IC2ECS), Nanjing, China, 2022, pp. 267-270, doi: 10.1109/IC2ECS57645.2022.10088083.
• [62] Geoffrey J. May, Alistair Davidson, Boris Monahov, "Lead batteries for utility Energy storage: A review" Journal of Energy Storage, Volume 15, 2018, Pages 145-157
• [63] EPRI "Chino Battery Energy Storage Power Plant: Engineer-of-Record Report"
• [64] Yin, J., Lin, H., Shi, J. et al. Lead-Carbon Batteries toward Future Energy Storage: From Mechanism and Materials to Applications. Electrochem. Energy Rev. 5, 2 (2022).
• [65] Evaluation of Energy Storage Technologies, Trans Grid Solutions Inc. 2016, p 13.
• [66] Energy Storage and Distributed Generation Technology Assessment: Assessment of LeadAcid- Carbon, Advanced Lead-Acid, and Zinc-Air Batteries for Stationary Application, EPRI ID 1017811, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, 2009.
• [67] Electric Energy Storage Technology Options: A White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs and Benefits, PI: Dan Rastler, EPRI ID 1020676, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, September 2010.
• [68] Abbas A. Akhil, Georgianne Huff, Aileen B. Currier, Benjamin C. Kaun, Dan M. Rastler, Stella Bingging Chen, Andrew L. Cotter, Dale T. Bradshaw, and William D. Gauntlett, DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA, Sandia National Laboratories 2013, p. 78.
• [69] https:/ /www.energy-storage.news/belectric-discuss-german-grid-stability-project-assolar-plus-storage-goes-large/
• [70] https://www.isea.rwth-aachen.de/ cms/ISEA/Forschung/Proj ekte/ Oeffen tlicheProjekte / Abgeschlossene-Projekte/-pipl/M5BAT /?lidx= l
• [71] https://m5bat.isea.rwth-aachen.de/
• [72] New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Hitachi, Ltd., Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A., ENERGA-OPERATOR S.A., ENERGA OZE S.A. - Poland's largest hybrid battery energy storage system commences full-scale technology demonstration Increasing the power grid security and facilitating the introduction of renewable Energy through a hybrid battery energy storage system, October 2,2020
• [73] Dr. Sanjay Bajpai, Dr. Ranjith Krishna Pai" Setting the stage for energy storage in India", Emerging Technology News, September-October 2020, pages 64-67
• [74] Tian, X., Wu, Y., Gong, Y., & Zuo, T. (2015). The lead-acid battery industry in China: outlook for production and recycling. Waste Management & Research, 33(11), 986-994
• [75] "Latin America Automotive Lead-Acid Battery Market: Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2020-2025" IMarc Group report
• [76] "Newton Fund - NUOVOpb - A complete lead recycling system to boost Brazil's urban sustainability" UK Research and Innovation programme
• [77] Eric Lockhart, Xiangkun Li, Samuel Booth, James Salasovich, Dan Olis, James Elsworth, and Lars Lisell "Comparative Study Of Techno-Economics Of Lithium-Ion And Lead-Acid Batteries In Micro-Grids In Sub-Saharan Africa", National Renewable Energy Laboratory, June 2019
• [78] Jaydeep M. Bhatt, P.V. Ramana, Jignesh R. Mehta "Performance assessment of valve regulated lead acid battery for E-bike in field test", Materials Today: Proceedings 49 (2022) 2058-2065
• [79] "Standards for the performance and durability assessment of electric vehicle batteries - Possible performance criteria for an Ecodesign Regulation" Ruiz V., Di Persia F. European Commission JRC Technical Reports 2018
• [80] "A European Strategy for low-emission mobility" EU Commission, July 2016
• [81] "FACT SHEET: President Eiden Announces Steps to Drive American Leadership Forward on Clean Cars and Trucks" The White House briefing, August 5, 2021
• [82] S&P Global Commodity Insights - Insufficient lithium supply could decelerate Energy transition, retrieved 26 January 2022
• [83] Speidel, S., & Braunl, T. (2016). Leaving the grid-The effect of combining home Energy storage with renewable energy generation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 1213-1224. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.325