Ditlenek siarki

• Autorzy: Starek A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Sulfur dioxide

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Ditlenek siarki (SO2) jest bezbarwnym gazem o silnym drażniącym zapachu. Związek ten po-wstaje podczas spalania paliw kopalnych oraz procesów przemysłowych i jest najczęściej spotykanym zanieczyszczeniem powietrza atmosferycznego. Ditlenek siarki jest stosowany do produkcji kwasu siarkowego, pulpy drzewnej jako środek konserwujący i bielący, a także katalizator i reduktor w procesach chemicznych. Narażenie na ten związek wyrażone jego stężeniem w powietrzu mieści się na ogół w zakresie 2,6 ÷ 26 mg/m3. We-dług danych Głównego Inspektora Sanitarnego w 2007 r. 71 pracowników było narażonych na ditlenek siarki o stężeniach, które przekraczały obowiązującą wartość najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia (NDS) równą 2 mg/m3 (dane niepublikowane). Ditlenek siarki wywiera silne, prowadzące do zmian obturacyjnych i zapalnych, działanie drażniące na układ oddechowy człowieka i zwierząt laboratoryjnych. Wartości medialnych stężeń śmiertelnych u gryzoni mieszczą się, w zależności od czasu narażenia, w zakresie 338 ÷ 7800 mg/m3. Ditlenek siarki działa mutagennie, klastogennie i genotoksycznie, hamuje syntezę DNA, mitozę i wzrost komórek. Nie ma dowodów na rakotwórcze działanie ditlenku siarki. Na podstawie wyników badań epidemiologicznych wykazano szkodliwy wpływ związku na płodność kobiet i masę urodzeniową potomstwa. W badaniach doświadczalnych nie potwierdzono wpływu ditlenku siarki na ontogenetyczny rozwój organizmu. Za podstawę wartości NDS (najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia) ditlenku siarki przyjęto zmiany spirometryczne u ochotników obserwowane w warunkach jednorazowego narażenia w warunkach kontrolowanych. Na podstawie wartości NOAEL i jednego współczynnika niepewności zaproponowano przyjęcie stężenia 1,3 mg/m3 ditlenku siarki za wartość NDS związku. Ze względu na działanie drażniące ditlenku siarki przyjęto stężenie 2,7 mg/m3 za wartość naj-wyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia chwilowego (NDSCh) związku.

EN

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most common air pollutants, and it has increased in prevalence with the continuing industrialization of society. SO2 pollution is produced by the combustion and processing of sulfur-containing fossil fuels. This compound is a colourless gas with extremely irritating and corrosive effects. Its odour threshold is in the range of 8–13 mg/m3. Exposure to SO2 has been shown to induce bronchoconstriction and tissue damage. SO2 dis-plays mutagenic, klastogenic, and genotoxic effect; it also exerts an inhibitory effect on DNA syntesis, mitosis, and cell growth. There was no evidence of carcinogenic, fetotoxic and teratogenic effects. On the basis of NOAEL value (2.7 mg/m3) for local short-term (10–30 min) effects of SO2 on the airways in volunteers and relevant uncertainty factors, the MAC (TWA) value of 1.3 mg/m3 was calculated. Also, MAC (STEL) value of 2.7 mg/m3 was calculated. Moreover, “I” (irritation agent) notation is recommended.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

ditlenek siarki; narażenie zawodowe; działanie drażniące; NDS; NDSCh

EN

sulfur dioxide; occupational exposure; irritation effect

• Wydawca: Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: Nr 3 (61)
• Strony: 25--49
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 89 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Starek A.

• Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego 30-688 Kraków ul. Medyczna 9

Bibliografia

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