Stator Winding Fault Detection of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on the Short-Time Fourier Transform

• Autorzy: Pietrzak Przemysław , Wolkiewicz Marcin

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/pead-2022-0009

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In modern drive systems, the high-efficient permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have become one of the most substantial components. Nevertheless, such machines are exposed to various types of faults. Hence, on-line condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of PMSMs have become necessary. One of the most common PMSM faults is the stator winding fault. Due to the destructive character of this failure, it is necessary to use fault diagnostic methods that allow fault detection at its early stage. The article presents the results of experimental studies obtained from fast Fourier transform (FFT) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) analyses of the stator phase current, stator phase current envelope and stator phase current space vector module. The superiority of the proposed method over the classical approach based on the stator current analysis using FFT is highlighted. The proposed solution is experimentally verified under various motor operating conditions. The application of STFT analysis discussed so far in the literature has been limited to the fault diagnosis of induction motors and the narrow range of the analysed motor operating conditions. Moreover, there are no works in the field of motor diagnostics dealing with STFT analysis for stator windings based on the stator current envelope and the stator current space vector module.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

fault diagnosis; condition monitoring; inter-turn short circuit; permanent magnet synchronous motor; short-time Fourier transform

• Wydawca: De Gruyter
• Czasopismo: Power Electronics and Drives
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 7 (42)
• Strony: 112--133
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 36 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Pietrzak Przemysław

• Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-0009

autor

Wolkiewicz Marcin

• Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-8517

Bibliografia

• Ahn, G., Lee, J., Park, C.H., Youn, M. and Youn, B.D. (2019). Inter-turn short circuit fault detection in permanent magnet synchronous motors based on reference voltage. In: Proceedings of 2019 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and Drives (SDEMPED), Toulouse, France, pp. 245–2450.
• Boileau, T., Leboeuf, N., Nahid-Mobarakeh, B. and Meibody-Tabar, F. (2013). Synchronous Demodulation of Control Voltages for Stator Interturn Fault Detection in PMSM. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28(12), pp. 5647–5654.
• Chen, Y., Liang, S., Li, W., Liang, H. and Wang, C. (2019). Faults and Diagnosis Methods of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors: A Review. Applied Sciences, 9(10), p. 2116.
• Dogan, Z. and Tetik, K. (2021). Diagnosis of Inter-Turn Faults Based on Fault Harmonic Component Tracking in LSPMSMs Working Under Nonstationary Conditions. IEEE Access, 9, pp. 92101–92112.
• Drif, M. and Cardoso, A. J. M. (2014). Stator Fault Diagnostics in Squirrel Cage Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives Using the Instantaneous Active and Reactive Power Signature Analyses. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(2), pp. 1348–1360.
• Ewert, P. (2020). The Application of the Bispectrum Analysis to Detect the Rotor Unbalance of the Induction Motor Supplied by the Mains and Frequency Converter. Energies, 13(11), p. 3009.
• Fang, J., Sun, Y., Wang, Y., Wei, B. and Hang, J. (2019). Improved ZSVC-Based Fault Detection Technique for Incipient Stage Inter-Turn Fault in PMSM. IET Electric Power Applications, 13(12), pp. 2015–2026.
• Fonseca, D. S. B., Santos, C. M. C. and Cardoso, A. J. M. (2020). Stator Faults Modeling and Diagnostics of Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, 56(3), pp. 2590–2599.
• Gurusamy, V., Bostanci, E., Li, C., Qi, Y. and Akin, B. (2021). A Stray Magnetic Flux-Based Robust Diagnosis Method for Detection and Location of Interturn Short Circuit Fault in PMSM. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70, pp. 1–11.
• Haje Obeid, N., Battiston, A., Boileau, T. and Nahid-Mobarakeh, B. (2017). Early Intermittent Interturn Fault Detection and Localization for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor of Electrical Vehicles Using Wavelet Transform. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 3(3), pp. 694–702.
• Hang, J., Ding, S., Zhang, J., Cheng, M., Chen, W. and Wang, Q. (2016). Detection of Interturn Short-Circuit Fault for PMSM with Simple Fault Indicator. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 31(4), pp. 1697–1699.
• Hang, J., Sun, W., Hu, Q., Ren, X. and Ding, S. (2022). Integration of Interturn Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control for PMSM Drive System. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(2), pp. 2825–2835.
• Henao, H., Capolino, G.A., Fernandez-Cabanas, M., Filippetti, F., Bruzzese, C., Strangas, E., Pusca, R., Estima, J., Riera-Guasp, M., Hedayati-Kia, S. (2014). Trends in Fault Diagnosis for Electrical Machines: A Review of Diagnostic Techniques. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 8(2), pp. 31–42.
• Huang, W., Du, J., Hua, W. and Fan, Q. (2021). An Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis Method for PMSM Drives Using Symmetrical and DC Components. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, 7(3), pp. 124–135.
• Jeong, H., Moon, S., Lee, H. and Kim, S.W. (2017). Interturn short circuit fault detection of permanent magnet synchronous motors based on positive- and negative-sequence signatures. In: Proceedings of 2017 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and Drives (SDEMPED), Tinos, Greece, pp. 167–172.
• Maqsood, A., Oslebo, D., Corzine, K., Parsa, L. and Ma, Y. (2020). STFT Cluster Analysis for DC Pulsed Load Monitoring and Fault Detection on Naval Shipboard Power Systems. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 6(2), pp. 821–831.
• Park, C. H., Lee, J., Ahn, G., Youn, M. and Youn, B. D. (2019). Fault Detection of PMSM Under Non-Stationary Conditions Based on Wavelet Transformation Combined with Distance Approach. In: Proceedings of 2019 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and Drives (SDEMPED), Toulouse, France, pp. 88–93.
• Pietrzak, P. and Wolkiewicz, W. (2021a). Application of Spectral and Wavelet Analysis of Stator Current to Detect Angular Misalignment in PMSM Drive Systems. Power Electronics and Drives, 6(41), pp. 42–60.
• Pietrzak, P. and Wolkiewicz, M. (2021b). On-line Detection and Classification of PMSM Stator Winding Faults Based on Stator Current Symmetrical Components Analysis and the KNN Algorithm. Electronics, 10(15), p. 1630.
• Pietrzak, P. and Wolkiewicz, M. (2021c). Comparison of Selected Methods for the Stator Winding Condition Monitoring of a PMSM Using the Stator Phase Currents. Energies, 14(6), p. 1630.
• Pietrzak, P. and Wolkiewicz, M. (2022). Stator winding fault detection of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the bispectrum analysis. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, 70, pp. 1–10.
• Riera-Guasp, M., Antonino-Daviu, J. A. and Capolino, G. (2015). Advances in Electrical Machine, Power Electronic, and Drive Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection: State of the Art. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(3), pp. 1746–1759.
• Rosero, J., Cusido, J., Garcia, A., Romeral, L. and Ortega, J. A. (2007). Detection of Stator Short Circuits in PMSM by mean of joint Time-Frequency Analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives, Cracow, Poland, pp. 420–425.
• Rosero, J. A., Romeral, L., Ortega, J. A. and Rosero, E. (2009). Short-Circuit Detection by Means of Empirical Mode Decomposition and Wigner–Ville Distribution for PMSM Running Under Dynamic Condition. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 56(11), pp. 4534–4547.
• Satpathi, K., Yeap, Y. M., Ukil, A. and Geddada, N. (2018). Short-Time Fourier Transform Based Transient Analysis of VSC Interfaced Point-to-Point DC System. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 65(5), pp. 4080–4091.
• Skowron, M., Orłowska-Kowalska, T. and Kowalski, C. T. (2021). Application of Simplified Convolutional Neural Networks for Initial Stator Winding Fault Detection of the PMSM Drive Using Different Raw Signal Data. IET Electric Power Applications, 15, pp. 932–946.
• Skowron, M., Orlowska-Kowalska, T. and Kowalski, C. T. (2022). Detection of permanent magnet damage of PMSM drive based on direct analysis of the stator phase currents using convolutional neural network. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Early Access, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2022.3146557.
• Tarchała, G., Wolkiewicz, M. and Krzysztofiak, M. (2020). Diagnosis of Short-Circuits in Induction Motor Stator Winding Using a Modified Park Transformation. Power Electronics and Drives, 5(41), pp. 123–133.
• Urresty, J., Riba J., Romeral, L., Roser, J. and Serna, J. (2009). Stator short circuits detection in PMSM by means of Hilbert-Huang transform and energy calculation. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and Drives (SDEMPED), Cargese, France, pp. 1–7.
• Wolkiewicz, M., Tarchała, G., Orłowska-Kowalska, T. and Kowalski, C. T. (2016). Online Stator Interturn Short Circuits Monitoring in the DFOC Induction-Motor Drive. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63(4), pp. 2517–2528.
• Xu, B., Sun, L., Xu, L. and Xu, G. (2013). Improvement of the Hilbert Method via ESPRIT for Detecting Rotor Fault in Induction Motors at Low Slip. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 28(1), pp. 225–233.
• Zamudio-Ramírez, I., Ramirez-Nunez, J. A., Antonino-Daviu, J., Osornio-Rios, R. A., Quijano-Lopez, A., Razik, H., Romero-Troncoso, R. J. (2020). Automatic Diagnosis of Electromechanical Faults in Induction Motors Based on the Transient Analysis of the Stray Flux via MUSIC Methods. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 56(4), pp. 3604–3613.
• Zanardelli, W. G., Strangas, E. G. and Aviyente, S. (2007). Identification of Intermittent Electrical and Mechanical Faults in Permanent-Magnet AC Drives Based on Time–Frequency Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 43(4), pp. 971–980.
• Zhang, J., Xu, Z., Wang, J., Zhao, J., Din., Z. and Cheng, M. (2021). Detection and Discrimination of Incipient Stator Faults for Inverter-Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 68(8), pp. 7505–7515.
• Zhao, J., Guan, X., Li, C., Mou, Q. and Chen, Z. (2021). Comprehensive Evaluation of Inter-Turn Short Circuit Faults in PMSM Used for Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22(1), pp. 611–621.
• Zhou, X., Sun, J., Cui, P., Lu, Y., Lu, M. and Yu, Y. (2021). A Fast and Robust Open-Switch Fault Diagnosis Method for Variable-Speed PMSM System. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 36(3), pp. 2598–2610.