Geographic differences in passenger turnover decline at airports around the world in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

• Autorzy: Tarkhov Sergey

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.4467/2543859XPKG.21.009.14952

Warianty tytułu

PL

Zróżnicowanie geograficzne spadku ruchu pasażerskiego na lotniskach świata w 2020 r. spowodowane pandemią COVID-19

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Decline types of passenger turnover of 517 airports worldwide in 2020 compared to 2019, caused by COVID-19, are analyzed. This decay was uneven in space, as well as in individual countries, areas, poles, centers and cores. The strongest decline in 2020 occurred at airports of Europe (especially in the UK, Spain, Germany, and Italy) and Asia (particularly in India and Malaysia), medium – in the countries of America (the USA, Mexico, Brazil) and Norway, moderate – in Russia, weak – in China. 48% of all airports covered by the study showed a strong decline in passenger turnover (from 65 to 85%), 32% – medium (45 to 65%), 10% – moderate (30 to 45%). A catastrophic decline (over 85%) was recorded at 14 airports (2.7%), weak (15-30%) – in 26 (5%), insignificant (3-15%) – in 9 (1.7%). Stagnation (from -3% to + 3%) was noted only in 1 airport, and growth (more than + 3%) – in 3. The largest international airports with a high proportion of international transit passengers and airports with a narrow resort and tourist specialization were most affected by the covid crisis; less – airports with a dominance of domestic traffic. The pandemic has deformed the persistent territorial structure of world air traffic, which has formed over the past 60 years, and also violated the already established hierarchy of the largest and large airports not only around the world, but also within individual mega-regions and countries with big territories and populations.

PL

W artykule poddano analizie rodzaje spadków ruchu pasażerów na lotniskach spowodowanych skutkami pandemii COVID-19. Badanie przeprowadzono dla 517 portów lotniczych świata porównując zmiany jakie zaszły 2020 r. w stosunku do poprzedniego 2019 r. Obserwowane było niezwykle nierównomierne rozmieszczenie tego zjawiska w przestrzeni, a także w skali poszczególnych krajów, obszarów, biegunów, centrów i rdzeni. Największy spadek liczby obsługiwanych pasażerów wystąpił w 2020 r. na lotniskach Europy (szczególnie w Wielkiej Brytanii, Hiszpanii, Niemczech i Włoszech) oraz Azji (szczególnie w Indiach i Malezji). Średnie nasilenie tego procesu wystąpiło w krajach obu Ameryk (USA, Meksyk, Brazylia) oraz w Norwegii. Natomiast w Rosji spadek liczby obsługiwanych pasażerów miał charakter umiarkowany, a w przypadku Chin wręcz słaby. 48% wszystkich portów lotniczych objętych badaniem było dotkniętych silnymi spadkami (od 65 do 85%), 32% – średnimi (od 45 do 65%), 10% – umiarkowanymi (30 do 45%). Katastrofalne zmniejszenie się ruchu pasażerów (ponad 85%) odnotowano na 14 lotniskach (2,7%), słabe (15-30%) – w 26 (5%), nieznaczny (3-15%) – w 9 (1,7%). Brak zmiany (od -3% do +3%) miał miejsce tylko na jednym lotnisku, a wzrost (ponad +3%) – w trzech innych portach lotniczych. Największe międzynarodowe porty lotnicze z wysokim odsetkiem pasażerów w tranzycie międzynarodowym oraz porty lotnicze o wąskiej specjalizacji uzdrowiskowej i turystycznej najbardziej ucierpiały w wyniku kryzysu pandemicznego – mniej natomiast lotniska z przewagą ruchu krajowego. Pandemia zdeformowała stabilną strukturę terytorialną światowego ruchu lotniczego, która ukształtowała się w ciągu ostatnich 60 lat, a także naruszyła ustanowioną już hierarchię największych i większych lotnisk nie tylko na całym świecie, ale także w obrębie poszczególnych megaregionów i krajów z dużymi terytoriami i populacjami.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

COVID-19 pandemic; air transportation; air passenger flow; passenger turnover; decline dynamics; decline types

PL

epidemia COVID-19; transport lotniczy; lotnicze przewozy pasażerskie; ruch pasażerów; dynamika spadku; rodzaje spadków

• Wydawca: Komisja Geografii Komunikacji Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego ; Uniwersytet Gdański. Katedra Geografii Rozwoju Regionalnego
• Czasopismo: Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: nr 24(2)
• Strony: 18--39
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 43 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Tarkhov Sergey

• Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetnyi per. 29, Moscow 119017, Russia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6426-963X

Bibliografia

• [1] Air Passenger Market Analysis December 2020: Passenger volumes did not improve in December (IATA), https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-passenger-monthly-analysis---december-2020/.
• [2] China’s Guangzhou airport crowns itself the world’s busiest for 2020, Hong Kong traffic seen to tumble further with air-crew quarantine order, https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/ Transportation/China-s-Guangzhou-airport-crowns-itself-the-world-s-busiest-for-2020 [access: 25.01.2021].
• [3] Dunn Graham. Traffic data shows how pandemic upset traditional hub dominance in 2020, https://www.flightglobal.com/networks/traffic-data-shows-how-pandemic-upset-traditional-hub-dominance-in-2020/142153.article?fbclid=IwAR3WVmHGsOIXMkCBHqg8Kxywj7P1VZeILne_fpiKzBLUrANDbbuQneTvL50 [access: 2.02.2021].
• [4] Tarkhov S.A., 2015, Izmeneniye svyaznostiprostranstva Rossii (na primere aviapassazhirskogo soobshcheniya Moscow-Smolensk.
• [5] Tarkhov S.A., 2017, Changes in air transport connectivity of Russian cities in 1990-2015, Regional Research of Russia, 7(2), 127-145.
• Statistical Data
• [6] 2020 Worst Year in History for Air Travel Demand, https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/pr/2021-02-03-02/.
• [7] http://www.airportsbase.com/index.php?Page=Statistics&Type=Busiest%20countries&w=Pax&y=2018 – airport statistics by country.
• [8] https://avia.gov.ua/pro-nas/statistika/operativna-informatsiya/ – statistics of air transportation of Ukraine for 2020.
• [9] https://www.aviation24.be/airports/bordeaux-bod/bordeaux-airport-2020-review-70-6-fewer-passengers-and-outlook-for-2021/ – Bordeaux airport statistics for 2020.
• [10] https://www.aviationpros.com/airports/news/21207990/air-traffic-down-almost-70-on-bucharest-airports-in-2020 – decline in passenger turnover at Bucharest airports in 2020.
• [11] https://www.belta.by/society/view/passazhiropotoknatsionalnogo-aeroporta-minsk-v-2019-godu-uvelichilsja-na-125-376052-2020/#:~:text=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%20%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%202019,%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E%20%D0%BA%202018%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83. – Minsk airport statistics 2019.
• [12] https://www.berlin-airport.de/en/_documents/press/basis-informationen/verkehrsstatistik/2020/2020-12-BER-EN.pdf – Berlin airport statistics for 2019-2020.
• [13] https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/mobilitaet-verkehr.assetdetail.14347287.html – Switzerland airport statistics for 2019.
• [14] https://www.bts.aero/o-letisku/press/tlacove-spravy/letisko-m-r-stefanika-vybavilo-vlani-405-tisic-cestujucich/ – Bratislava airport statistics for 2019-2020.
• [15] https://www.cph.dk/en/about-cph/investor/traffic-statistics/2021/1/worst%20year%20since%201970%20cph%20lost%2022.7%20million%20passengers – statistics of all airports in Denmark for 2019-20.
• [16] https://dailynewshungary.com/budapest-airport-passenger-numbers-decline-76-pc-in-2020/ – Budapest airport statistics 2020.
• [17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_in_the_Former_Yugoslav_Republics – statistics of airports in the countries of the former Yugoslavia for 2011-2020.
• [18] https://www.flughafen-graz.at/unternehmen/zahlen-fakten/zahlen-daten-fakten.html – statistics of Graz airport for 1990-2020.
• [19] https://www.flughafen-stuttgart.de/unternehmen/zahlen-und-daten/ – statistics of Stuttgart airport for 2020.
• [20] https://www.fraport.com/en/investors/traffic-figures.html – statistics of airports in the Fraport group for 2019 (p.38).
• [21] https://www.fraport.com/en/investors/traffic-figures.html – statistics of the airports of the Fraport group for 2020 (Frankfurt am Main, a number of airports in Greece, Brazil, Peru, Bulgaria, Antalya, Xi’an, St. Petersburg).
• [22] https://www.iata.org/en/publications/store/monthly-traffic-statistics/ – monthly statistics of air passenger traffic in the world IATA (paid).
• [23] https://infotrans.by/2021/01/20/passazhiropotok-v-naczionalnom-aeroportu-minsk-za-2020-g-upal-na-62/#:~:text=%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%2C%20%D0%B2%20%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%202020,%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%20%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D0%B2%202019%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83. – Minsk airport statistics in 2020.
• [24] https://www.innsbruck-airport.com/it/pressemit-teilung-bilanz-2020 - Innsbruck airport statistics in 2019-20.
• [25] https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/munster/arid-40204523.html#:~:text=2%20million%20passengers.-,Just%20530%2C000%20people%20used%20the%20airport%20in%202020%2C%20with%20the,Managing%20Director%20of%20Cork%20Airport. – Cork airport statistics in 2020.
• [26] https://www.katowice-airport.com/en/our-airport/statistics/annual-statistics – Katowice airport statistics.
• [27] https://www.krakowairport.pl/en/airport,c94/news,c120/podsumowanie-2020-roku-w-krakow-airport,a3713.html – statistics of Krakow airport for 2019-2020.
• [28] https://www.ltou.lt/en/aviation/airports-statistics/vno-2 – airport statistics for 2017-2021.
• [29] https://mintrans.news/avia/passazhiropotok-aeroporta-kharkov-snizilsya-za-god-na-51 – Kharkiv airport statistics for 2019-20.
• [30] https://mintrans.news/avia/aeroport-lvov-zakonchil-god-bez-ubytkov – Lviv airport statistics for 2019-20.
• [31] https://www.parisaeroport.fr/docs/default-source/groupe-fichiers/finance/relations-investisseurs/trafic/2020/a%C3%A9roports-de-paris-sa---trafic-du-mois-de-d%C3%A9cembre-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=9673d3bd_2 – statistics of passenger turnover of Paris airports Charles de Gaulle, Orly, as well as other airports of the TAV group ADP for 2020 (ADP, “Annual statistics from Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport”).
• [32] https://www.parisaeroport.fr/docs/default-source/groupe-fichiers/finance/a%C3%A9roports-de-paris-sa--december-2019-traffic-figures.pdf?sfvrsn=8c7cc1bd_2 – statistics of airports ADP group TAV for 2019.
• [33] https://www.pasazer.com/statystyki-lotnisk/pl – Poland airport statistics.
• [34] https://www.riga-airport.com/uploads/2_RIX_Statistics%202020_Feb.pdf – Riga airport statistics for February 2020.
• [35] https://www.riga-airport.com/uploads/statis-tika/12_RIX_Statistics%202020_Dec.pdf – Riga airport statistics for December 2020.
• [36] https://www.schiphol.nl/en/schiphol-group/page/transport-and-traffic-statistics/ – statistics of airport Am¬sterdam (Schiphol).
• [37] https://www.sofia-airport.bg/sites/default/files/en-passengers_2019-2020_11.pdf – Sofia airport statistics for 2019-20 (monthly).
• [38] https://wwwssl.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estadisticas/Home – Spain airport statistics.
• [39] https://www.swedavia.se/globalassets/statistik/fpl_202012tot.pdf – Sweden airport statistics for 2020.
• [40] https://www.swedavia.se/globalassets/statistik/fpl_201912.pdf – Sweden airport statistics for 2019.
• [41] https://www.skyscrapercity.com/threads/airport-statis-tics.262025/page-183#post-172568396 – preliminary figures on passenger turnover of 50 cities of the world with the largest airports in 2020.
• [42] https://www.tallinn-airport.ee/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/TLL-traffic-2019-short.pdf – Tallinn airport statistics.
• [43] https://www.viennaairport.com/ – Vienna airport statistics 2020.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).