Car tyres with reduced energy consumption

• Autorzy: Wieczorek M. , Jackowski J.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0012.2517

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The objective of this publication is to present the changes that are currently made to the tyre structure in order to reduce its rolling resistance including the rubber compound, tread pattern and tyre support structure. Based on a broad literature review the authors present a history of changes introduced in the construction of tyres aimed at reducing their share in the energy losses needed to overcome the resistance of rolling wheels in the car's movement (at present it reaches even 50%). They indicate a significant conflict resulting from the rubber properties using the data sets available on the labels of summer and winter tyres in which the improvement of wheel adhesion leads to increased rolling resistance. In the next part, the basic factors determining the rolling resistance of tyres are approximated, focusing on those related to their construction. The influence of the rubber loss factor is described which values at different deformation frequency (turning the wheel 101-102 Hz and its braking at 104-105 Hz). It determines the interaction of the rubber with the road surface. Various ways of actions are shown to reduce the losses occurring during the deformation of the tyre: the use of silica as a rubber filler and the introduction of nanotechnology to control the rubber crosslinking process, reducing the volume of rubber used to build the tyre coating, simplifying the tread pattern and changing the tyre diameter size to a larger one (treatment used in electric cars). Particular attention was also paid to the weakness of the changes, i.e. the increase of the noise generated by the more elastic coating of the tyre and the possible directions of counteracting this phenomenon were signalled.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

energy consumption; rolling resistance; tyre construction; tyre tread rubber; tread pattern

PL

zużycie energii; opory toczenia; konstrukcja opony; guma bieżnika opony; wzór bieżnika

• Wydawca: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation ; European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES Poland ; Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych
• Czasopismo: Journal of KONES
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 25, No. 1
• Strony: 447--456
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 24 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Wieczorek M.

• Military University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Motor Vehicles and Transportation Gen. W. Urbanowicza Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland tel.:[phone]

autor

Jackowski J.

• Military University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Motor Vehicles and Transportation Gen. W. Urbanowicza Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland tel.:[phone]

Bibliografia

• [1] Backhaus, R., Weniger Verbrauch durch optimierte Reifen und Räder, Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift, 12, Vol. 113, pp. 986-988, 2011.
• [2] Cho, J. R., Lee, H. W., Jeong, W. B., Jeong, K. M., Kim, K. W., Finite element estimation of hysteretic loss and rolling resistance of 3-D patterned tire, International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, Vol. 9, 4, pp. 355-366, 2013.
• [3] Ejsmont, J., Świeczko-Żurek, B., Taryma, S., Low noise tires for hybrid and electric vehicles, 21st International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV21), Beijing, China, 13-17 July 2014.
• [4] Ejsmont, J., Taryma, S., Ronowski, G., Świeczko-Żurek, B., Influence of load and inflation pressure on the tyre rolling resistance, International Journal of Automotive Technology, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 237-244, 2016.
• [5] Futamura, S., Goldstein, A. A., Prediction and simulation of tire performance characteristics based on deformation index concept, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 89, No. 1, 1-21, 2016.
• [6] Hein, H. R., Akutagawa, K., Heguri, H., Yamagishi, N., Reifen Ecopia mit niedrigem Rollwiderstand für eine bessere Umweltverträglichkeit, Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift, 6, Vol. 113, pp. 484-489, 2011.
• [7] Hein, H.R., Akutagawa, K., Nanotechnik und Neue Werkstoffe für Kraftstoffsparende Reifen, Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift, 3, Vol. 115, pp. 204-209, 2013.
• [8] Holmberg, K., Andersson, P., Erdemir, A., Global energy consumption due to friction in passenger cars, Tribology International, Vol. 47, pp. 221-234, 2012.
• [9] Holmberg, K., Andersson, P., Nylund, N. O., Mäkelä, K., Erdemir, A., Global energy consumption due to friction in truck and buses, Tribology International, Vol. 78, pp. 94-114, 2014.
• [10] Krehl, D., Entwicklung report. Reifen Label, Ökologie und Sicherheit, Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift, 7-8, Vol. 115, 567-571, 2013.
• [11] Martin, P. J., Brown, P., Chapman, A. V., Cook, S., Silica-reinforced epoxidized natural rubber tire treads – performance and durability, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 390-411, 2015.
• [12] Naito, M., Simulation for tire materials. Innovative molecular simulation and analysis technologies for designing tire materials, Tire Technology International, pp. 26-28, 2016.
• [13] Vennebörger, M., Strübel, C., Wies, B., Wiese, K., Leichtlaufreifen für Pkw mit niedrigem CO2-Ausstoss, Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift, 7-8, Vol. 115, pp. 572-577, 2013.
• [14] Wittmeier, F., Widdecke, N., Wiedemann, J., Lindener, N., Armbruster, R., Reifenentwicklung unter aerodynamischen Aspekten, Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift, 2, Vol. 115, pp. 144-150, 2013.
• [15] Zhang, P., Morris, M., Doshi, D., Materials development for lowering rolling resistance of tires, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 79-116, 2016.
• [16] Regulation No 117 of UNECE, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of tyres with regard to rolling sound emissions and/or to adhesion on wet surfaces and/or to rolling resistance, 2016.
• [17] Regulation No 1222/2009 of EC (25 November 2009) on the labelling of tyres with respect to fuel efficiency and other essential parameters, 2009.
• [18] Michelin Performance and Responsibility Report 2007-2008.
• [19] http://www.yrc-pressroom.jp/ir_en/interest/index.html (01/09/2017).
• [20] https://www.toyotires.eu/page/index/identifier/silent-wall (access 05/09/2017).
• [21] https://www.continental-tires.com/car/tires/car/summer-plt/contiecontact-electro (01/09/2017).
• [22] https://www.nittocrosstek.com (07/09/2017).
• [23] http://www.bridgestone.com.au/lib/pdf/wheels-car-of-the-year-runs-on-bridgestone-ologic.pdf (09/09/2017).
• [24] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= DAAnRA7hAh8, Goodyear Tires, Vector 4Seasons Gen-2-3D Sipes, (15/9/2017).

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).