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Health Risk Assessment of Swimming Pool Users from the Effects of Legionella Spp. Contamination of Water

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
One of the main problems in the scope of public health is poor identification of the waterborne diseases and their etiology. One of the aims of the new directive concerning the quality of water intended for human consumption is to implement the principles of hazard assessment in water supply systems (WSS) in the member states, on the basis of water quality monitoring and analyses of the system functioning conditions. The implementation of risk management procedures in WSSs is to ensure an increase in the water supply safety and, in turn, protect the consumer’s health against the harmful effects of any potable water contamination. At present, the secondary legislation to the Polish acts implementing the Directive of the Council of Europe is the Regulation of the Minister of Health on the quality of water intended for human consumption, which also sets forth the scope of monitoring the quality of hot water for Legionella spp., which can be an etiological factor of legionellosis. Another act regulating the water quality in terms of Legionella spp. is the Regulation of the Minister of Health on water quality in swimming pools. These acts, referring to the parameter of Legionella spp., are complementary. This paper presents the results of evaluating the change in the sanitary status of hot water quality in terms of contamination with Legionella spp. bacteria in the selected swimming pool facilities in southern Poland (Silesian Voivodship). On the basis of the available water quality test from state inspections (Chief Sanitary Inspectorate), an analysis of the microbiological quality of hot water in swimming pools was conducted. The analyses included a spatial distribution of those facilities, which results from the regionalisation subject to the territorially competent public health authority exercising supervision over the water quality in the Silesian Voivodship. The methods were presented for determination of the health risk of swimming pool users as a result of contamination of swimming pool water with Legionella spp. in relation to the availability of a given recreation facility. The final result of these studies is the use of GIS (Geographic Information System) tools in spatial risk interpretation.
Rocznik
Strony
178--189
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, ul. Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland 2 Silesian Waterworks PLC, ul. Wojewódzka 19, 40-026 Katowice, Poland
  • Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, ul. Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland 2 Silesian Waterworks PLC, ul. Wojewódzka 19, 40-026 Katowice, Poland
Bibliografia
  • 1. Beauté J., Zucs P., de Jong B. 2013. On behalf of the European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network. Legionnaires’ disease in Europe, 2009–2010. Euro Surveillance, 2013, 18 (10), 6–12.
  • 2. Beer D.K., Gargano J.W., Roberts V.A, Hill V.R., Garrison L.E., Kutty P.K, Hilborn E.D., Wade T.J., Fullerton K.E., Yoder J.S. 2015. Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water — United States, 2011–2012, MMWR Mortal Weekly Report 64 (31), 842-848.
  • 3. CDC. 2013. Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water and Other Nonrecreational Water — United States, 2009–2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 62 (35), 714 724. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6235a3.htm
  • 4. Directive. 1998. Drinking Water Directive Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. OJ L 330, 5.12.1998.
  • 5. Directive. 2000. Water Framework Directive Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy. OJ L327, 22.12.2000.
  • 6. Directive. 2006. Bathing Water Directive Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 concerning the management of bathing water quality and repealing Directive 76/160/EEC. OJ L 64, 4.3.2006.
  • 7. Goutziana G., Mouchtouri V.A., Karanika M., Kavagias A., Stathakis N.E., Gourgoulianis K., Kremastinou J, Hadjichristodoulou C. 2008. Legionella species colonization of water distribution systems, pools and air conditioning systems in cruise ships and ferries. BMC Public Health 8 (390), 1-13.
  • 8. Lee Y. 2013. An Evaluation of Microbial and Chemical Contamination Sources Related to the Deterioration of Tap Water Quality in the Household Water Supply System. International Journal of Environmental Research 10 (9), 4143-4160.
  • 9. Leoni E., Legnani P.P., Bucci Sabatini M.A., Righi C. 2001. Prevalance of Legionella spp. in swimming pool environment. Water Research 35 (15), 3749-3753.
  • 10. McCoy W.F., Downes E.L., Leonidas L.F., Cain M.F., Sherman D.L., Chen K., Devender S., Neville M.J. 2012. Inaccuracy in Legionella tests of building water systems due to sample holding time. Water Research 46 (11), 3497-3506.
  • 11. Napoli, C., Fasano, F., Iatta, R., Barbuti G., Cuna T., Montagna M.T. 2010. Legionella spp. and legionellosis in southeastern Italy: disease epidemiology and environmental surveillance in community and health care facilities. BMC Public Health 10 (660), 1-17.
  • 12. Polish Journal of Laws. 2015. Regulation of the Polish Minister of Health of 9 November 2015 on the requirements that should be met by swimming pool water. Polish J. Laws 2015. Item 2016 (in Polish). Available from:
  • 13. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20150002016
  • 14. Polish Journal of Laws. 2017. Regulation of the Polish Minister of Health of 7 December 2017 amending the regulation on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Polish J. Laws 2017, Item 2294 (in Polish). Available from:
  • 15. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails. xsp?id=WDU20170002294
  • 16. Principe L., Tomao P., Visca P. 2017. Legionellosis in the occupational setting. Environmental Research 152, 485-495.
  • 17. Roig J., Sabria M., Pedro-Botet M. 2003. Legionella spp.: community acquired and nosocomial infections. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 16 (2), 145-151.
  • 18. SSI. 2019. State Sanitary Inspection Data from Silesian State Voivodship Sanitary Inspector fram 2016-2018 years. Katowice (in Polish).
  • 19. Statistics Poland. 2019. Materials of the Statistic Poland Office – number population in 2018 (in Polish). Available from: www.stat.gov.pl
  • 20. Terranova W., Cohn M., Fraser D.W. 1978. 1974 Outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease Diagnosed in 1977: Clinical and Epidemiological Features. The Lancet 312 (8081), 122-124.
Uwagi
Błędna numeracja w bibliografii (poz. 13 i 15 kontynuacją opisów bibliograficznych).
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-c2eb360d-56dc-41ed-86db-27bd6fc701fa
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