Ocena efektu ekologicznego wynikającego z zastosowania kolektorów słonecznych

• Autorzy: Żukowski M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Assessment of the Environmental Effects Resulting from the Use of Solar Collectors

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Climate and energy package is a set of rules designed by member states of European Union to combat climate change. According to these directives the greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced by 20% and the share of energy produced from renewable sources should simultaneously be increased by the same percentage. The use of solar collectors can both improve energy security and reduce the environmental impact caused by the thermal energy industry. An ability to reduce the pollutants, which can be achieved using devices for converting solar radiation into the heat, was determined in this paper. The environmental effect, discussed in the present work, is caused by reducing the demand for domestic water heating. This effect results from the application of thermal solar collectors. The amount of pollutants that are released into the air, emitted from combustion of fuels, was estimated on the basis of the annual energy gain from the solar radiation and emission factors of the selected pollutants recommended by the European Environment Agency (EEA). Net gain of energy from solar panels was determined on the basis of experimental data. The object of the study was the solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system located on the roof of the Hotel for the staff of Bialystok University of Technology (Poland). Experimental studies were carried out under the project financed by the Regional Operational Program of Podlasie Province – stage 1.1 named “Study of the effectiveness of active and passive methods to improve the energy efficiency of infrastructure supported by renewable energy sources”. The construction of the research object was the target of the stage – 5.2 named “Improving the energy efficiency of Bialystok University of Technology infrastructure by use of renewable energy sources” (V. Development of environmental protection infrastructure”). The system consists of two parallel-connected installations. The first includes 21 tube collectors with a total gross area of more than 74 m². The second unit consists of 35 flat plate collectors with a total gross area of about 72 m². Eight storage tanks with the capacity of 1000 liters each were placed in the basement of the Hotel. The monitoring system was used to record the installation parameters during its operation. It consists of 17 heat meters, 4 electricity recorders, and 42 platinum resistance temperature sensors. The weather station that captures the basic parameters of outside air and insolation is located near the solar collectors. As a result of studies, it was found that the solar system produced 230.61 GJ heat energy throughout the year. The equation necessary to determine an equivalent amount of energy that is produced in a power plant was presented in this paper. Subsequently, the value of a possible reduction of selected pollutant emissions, which are released into the air, was calculated. Moreover, ΔPj coefficients were proposed for determination of the emissions reduction related to 1 m² gross area of a solar panel. The main conclusions from the assessment of the impact of applying SDHW system to reduce the air pollution in the urban area were presented at the end of the paper.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

kolektory słoneczne; podgrzewanie wody użytkowej; odnawialne źródła energii; zanieczyszczenia powietrza; pakiet klimatyczno-energetyczny; systemy solarne

EN

solar collectors; solar domestic; hot water system; renewable energy sources; air pollutants; climate and energy package

• Wydawca: Politechnika Koszalińska
• Czasopismo: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Tom 18, cz. 2
• Strony: 284--293
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 13 poz., tab., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Żukowski M.

• Politechnika Białostocka

Bibliografia

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• 3. 2009/31/WE (2009). Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie geologicznego składowania dwutlenku węgla.
• 4. 2009/406/WE (2009). Decyzja Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie wysiłków podjętych przez państwa członkowskie, zmierzających do zmniejszenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych.
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• 6. Ardente, F., Beccali, G., Cellura, M., Brano, V.L. (2005). Life cycle assessment of a solar thermal collector: sensitivity analysis, energy and environmental balances. Renewable Energy, 30, 109-130.
• 7. Bartnik, R. (2014) Problemy przed jakimi stoi polska energetyka. XVII Konferencja Innowacje w Zarządzaniu i Inżynierii Produkcji, Zakopane 23-25 lutego 2014.
• 8. Bessa, V.M.T., Prado, R.T.A. (2015). Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by solar water heating systems and passive technologies in social housing. Energy Policy, 83, 138-150.
• 9. EMEP/EEA (2013). Air pollutant emission inventory guidebook. European Environment Agency, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. Gómez D.R. et al. (2006). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
• 10. Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Volume 2: Energy, Chapter 2 Stationary combustion. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan.
• 11. Hang, Y., Qu, M., Zhao, F. (2012). Economic and environmental life cycle analysis of solar hot water systems in the United States. Energy and Buildings, 45, 181-188.
• 12. PEP2030 (2010). Polityka Energetyczna Polski do roku 2030. Załącznik do uchwały nr 157/2010 Rady Ministrów.
• 13. Yoo, J.-H. (2015). Evaluation of solar hot water heating system applications to high-rise multi-family housing complex based on three years of system operation. Energy and Buildings, 101, 54-63.

Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.