Effects of different forms of extrinsic feedback on the accuracy of force production and to differentiate this force in the simple cyclic movements of the upper and lower limb

Szczepan, Stefan; Wróblewska, Zofia; Klarowicz, Andrzej; Błacha, Ryszard; Rejman, Marek

doi:10.2478/phr-2020-0016

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Tytuł artykułu

Effects of different forms of extrinsic feedback on the accuracy of force production and to differentiate this force in the simple cyclic movements of the upper and lower limb

Autorzy

Szczepan Stefan , Wróblewska Zofia , Klarowicz Andrzej , Błacha Ryszard , Rejman Marek

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DOI

10.2478/phr-2020-0016

Warianty tytułu

Wpływ różnych form informacji zwrotnej na dokładność generowania siły i na zdolność do jej różnicowania w prostych ruchach cyklicznych kończyną górną i dolną

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Abstrakty

Background: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of force production by the limbs and to identify the ability to differentiate this force during a progressively increasing value, in response to different types of extrinsic feedback. Material and methods: The study involved nineteen healthy and physically active boys and girls aged 12.82±0.34 years, body height 157.05±9.02 cm, and body mass 44.89±7.89 kg. The tasks were to perform a series of right and left upper limb pulls and pushes with increasing force using the levers of the kinesthesiometer and a series of lower limb presses on the pedal of the kinesthesiometer. The tasks were completed in three feedback conditions: no feedback, sound feedback, verbal feedback, and the retention test was used. To assess the level of accuracy of force production, the novel index of force production accuracy (FPAIndex) was used. Results: The outcomes expressing the value of FPAIndex on the point scale indicated that the highest level of kinesthetic differentiation was observed when no feedback was provided (1.17 points), and the lowest kinesthetic differentiation was recorded when verbal feedback was provided (3.33 points). However, they were devoid of statistical value. The repeated-measures analysis of variance ANOVA with the Tukey post-hoc test (HSD) indicated a significant lowest (p=0.0402) level of accuracy of FPA (x̄36.12±18.29 [N]) only for the act of left lower limb press (LL PRESS) in the retention test, while no feedback was provided to the subjects. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that verbal and sound extrinsic feedback did not affect the accuracy of force production by the upper and lower limbs and the ability to differentiate this force in simple movements among children.

Cel: Celem badań była ocena dokładności generowania siły przez kończyny oraz identyfikacja zdolności do jej różnicowania podczas powtarzania ze stopniowo wzrastającą wartością, w odpowiedzi na różnego rodzaju zewnętrzpochodne informacje zwrotne. Materiał i Metody: W badaniach uczestniczyło dziewiętnaście zdrowych i aktywnych fizycznie chłopców i dziewcząt w wieku 12.82±0.34 lat, o wysokości ciała 157.05±9.02 cm i masie ciała 44.89±7.89 kg. Zadania polegały na wykonaniu kolejno z rosnącą siłą serii pociągnięć i pchnięć dźwigni kinestezjometru prawą i lewą kończyną górną oraz na wykonaniu serii nacisków kończynami dolnymi na pedał kinestezjometru. Zadania wykonywano pod wpływem: dźwiękowej informacji zwrotnej o różnym natężeniu, werbalnej informacji zwrotnej o różnej sile głosu oraz bez informacji zwrotnej. Wykonano także test retencyjny. Do oceny poziomu dokładności generowanej siły wykorzystano autorski wskaźnik dokładności generowanej siły (FPAIndex). Wyniki: Wyniki odzwierciedlające wartość FPAIndex w skali punktowej wskazały że najwyższy poziom różnicowania kinestetycznego zaobserwowano w przypadku próby pozbawionej informacji zwrotnej (1.17 pkt), a najniższy w próbie z przekazem werbalnej informacji zwrotnej (3.33 pkt). Były one jednak pozbawione wartości statystycznej. Analiza wariancji ANOVA z porównaniem wielokrotnym, wykonanym testem post-hoc Tukeya (HSD) wykazała istotnie najniższy (p=0.0402) poziom FPA (x̄36.12±18.29 [N]), tylko dla czynności naciskania lewą kończyną dolną (LL PRESS) w teście retencyjnym, gdy badanym nie dostarczano informacji zwrotnej. Wnioski: Wyniki badań pokazały, że werbalne i dźwiękowe zewnątrzpochodne informacje zwrotne nie mają wpływu na dokładność wytwarzania siły kończynami górnymi i dolnymi a także na zdolność jej różnicowania podczas wykonywania ruchów prostych wśród dzieci.

Słowa kluczowe

verbal feedback sound feedback force production accuracy kinesthetic differentiation

werbalna informacja zwrotna informacja zwrotna dźwiękowa dokładność generowania siły różnicowanie kinestetyczne

Wydawca

Polskie Towarzystwo Medycyny i Techniki Hiperbarycznej

Czasopismo

Polish Hyperbaric Research

Rocznik

2020

Tom

nr 3(72)

Strony

39--56

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 77 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Szczepan Stefan

Department of Swimming, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Wróblewska Zofia

Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland

autor

Klarowicz Andrzej

Department of Swimming, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Błacha Ryszard

Department of Swimming, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Rejman Marek

marek.rejman@awf.wroc.pl

Department of Swimming, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Poland

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