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Effect of novel grain refiner and Ni alloying additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si9.8-Cu3.4 HPDC castings – optimization using Multi Criteria Decision making approach

Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Studies dealing with process improvement of aluminum alloys and their grain structure refinement are the current area of interest in casting companies and foundries, the aim being to enhance the properties of the base metal. In this study, the microstructural and mechanical properties of commercial Al-Si9.8-Cu3.4 alloy die castings influenced by different additions of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy (viz. 0 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, and 1.0 wt.%) as a new grain refiner and Al-6Ni master alloy (viz. 0 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, and 5.0 wt.%) as an alloying element have been investigated. A multi-criteria decision-making approach for the improvement of the die casting process was performed using grey relational analysis (GRA) and TOPSIS analytical techniques. It was observed that the primary aluminum α-grains were significantly refined, particularly at the lower addition level 0.1 wt.% of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C, and conversely, poor grain refining efficiency was observed at a higher addition level 1.0 wt.% of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C. Due to the refinement by Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C grain refiner and the effect of Ni alloying element additions, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and hardness (Brinell and micro) of the Al-Si9.8-Cu3.4alloy are improved, particularly at 0.1 wt.% of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C and 0.5 wt.% of Al-6Ni master alloys. Quantitatively, UTS, Brinell hardness, and microhardness values have been increased by 12.3%, 7.0%, and 20%, respectively.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Strony
9--24
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Hyderabad, India-500043
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, India-795004
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wellfare Institute of Science, Technology and Management,Visakhapatnam-531173, India
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, NCR campus, Ghaziabad-201204, India
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, India-795004
Bibliografia
  • [1] Camicia G, Timelli G. Grain refinement of gravity die cast secondary AlSi7Cu3Mg alloys for automotive cylinder heads. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2016;26(5):1211–21.
  • [2] Biswas P, Prasadu KD, Manas Kuma M. Effect of Bi addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-17.6Si alloy. Mater Res Express. 2019;6(11):1–26. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab4d34.
  • [3] Cai Q, Mendis Ch. L, Chang TH, Fan Z. Microstructure and mechanical properties of new die-cast quaternary Al-Cu-Si-Mg alloys. Mater Sci Eng A. 2021;800.140357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.140357.
  • [4] Lu L, Dahle AK. Effects of combined additions of Sr and AlTiB grain refiners in hypoeutectic Al–Si foundry alloys. Mater Sci Eng A. 2006;435(436):288–96.
  • [5] Kori SA, Auradi V, Murty BS. Poisoning and fading mechanism of grain refinement in Al-7Si alloy. Mater Forum. 2005;29:387–93.
  • [6] Murty BS, Kori SA, Chakraborty M. Grain refinement of aluminum and its alloys by heterogeneous nucleation and alloying. Int Mater Rev. 2002;47(1):3–29.
  • [7] Liu F, Zhao H, Yang R, Sun F. Microstructure and mechanical properties of high vacuum die-cast AlSiMgMn alloys at as-cast and T6-treated conditions. Materals (Basel). 2019;12(13):2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132065.
  • [8] Chen Z, Wang T, Gao L, Fu H, Li T. Grain refinement and tensile properties improvement of aluminum foundry alloys by inoculation with Al–B master alloy. Mater Sci Eng A. 2012;553:32–6.
  • [9] Sigsworth GK. The grain refining of aluminum and phase relationships in the Al–Ti–B system. Metall Mater Trans A. 1984;15:277–82.
  • [10] Guzowski MM, Sigworth GK, Sentner DA. The role of boron in the grain refinement of aluminum with titanium. Metall Mater Trans A. 1987;18:603–19.
  • [11] Auradi V, Kori SA. Reaction time for the manufacturing of Al–Ti–B (Ti:B = 5:1, 1:3) master alloys and their grain refining efficiency on Al–7Si alloys. Trans Indian Inst Met. 2012;65:637–45.
  • [12] Han YF, Li K, Wang J, Shu D, Sun BD. Microstructure and grain refining performance of Al–5Ti–1B master alloy prepared under high-intensity ultrasound. Mater Sci Eng A. 2006;430:326–31.
  • [13] Li H, Lin B, Xu R, Liu K, Xiao H, Zhao Y. Enhanced mechanical properties of Al–Si–Cu–Mn–Fe alloys at elevated temperatures through grain refinement and dispersoid strengthening. Mater Sci Technol. 2020;36(3):307–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2019.1705039.
  • [14] Birol Y. Production of Al–Ti–B grain refining master alloys from B2O3 and K2TiF6. J Alloys Compd. 2007;443:94–8.
  • [15] Qiu D, Taylor JA, Zhang MX. A mechanism for the poisoning effect of silicon on the grain refinement of Al-Si alloys. Acta Mater. 2007;55:1447–56.
  • [16] Birol Y. AlB3 master alloy to grain refine AlSi10Mg and AlSi12Cu aluminium foundry alloys. J Alloys Compd. 2012;513:150–3.
  • [17] Zhu M, Jian ZY, Yang GC. Effects of T6 heat treatment on the microstructure, tensile properties, and fracture behavior of the modified A356 alloys. Mater Des. 2012;36(1):243–9.
  • [18] Sritharan T, Li H. Influence of titanium to boron ratio on the ability to grain refine aluminium–silicon alloys. J Mater Process Technol. 1997;63:585–9.
  • [19] Murty BS, Kori SA, Chakraborty M. Influence of silicon and magnesium on grain refinement in aluminium alloys. Mater Sci Technol. 1999;15:986–92.
  • [20] Murty BS, Kori SA, Chakraborty M. Development of an efficient grain refiner for Al–7Si alloy and its modification with strontium. Mater Sci Eng A. 2000;283:94–104.
  • [21] Nowak M, Bolzoni L, Hari Babu N. Grain refinement of Al–Si alloys by Nb–B inoculation. Part I: Concept development and effect on binary alloys. Mater Des. 2015;66:366–75.
  • [22] Apparao K. Ch, Birru AK. Grain refining potency of Al–3.5FeNb–1.5C master alloy on pure Al and Al-Si9.8-Cu3.4 alloy. China Foundry J. 2018;15(4):314–9.
  • [23] Mostafa A, Mohammad HS, Parviz A, Abolfazl K. Hybrid multi-objective optimization of microstructural and mechanical properties of B4C/A356 composites fabricated by FSP using TOPSIS and modified NSGA-II. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2017;27:2317–33.
  • [24] Srinivasan L, Khan Md C, Deepan BKT, Sathiya P, Biju S. Application of GRA and TOPSIS optimization techniques in GTA welding of 15CDV6 aerospace material. Trans Indian Inst Met. 2017;71:373–282.
  • [25] Sudhagar S, Sakthivel M, Mathew PJ, Daniel A. A multi criteria decision making approach for process improvement in friction stir welding of aluminium alloy. Measurement. 2017;108:1–8.
  • [26] Apparao K. Ch, Birru AK. QFD-Taguchi based hybrid approach in die casting process optimization. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2017;27:2345–2356.
  • [27] Apparao K. Ch, Birru AK, Kumar BP. Porosity formation studies in high pressure die castings of Al-9Si-3Cu alloy based on Taguchi method. Int J Struct Integr. 2021;13(1):78–91.
  • [28] Deng J. Introduction to grey system. J Grey Syst. 1989;1:1–24.
  • [29] Ghetiya ND, Patel KM, Kavar AJ. Multi-objective optimization of FSW process parameters of aluminium alloy using taguchi-based grey relational analysis. Trans Indian Inst Met. 2016;69:917–23.
  • [30] Zedan Y, Samuel FH. Effects of Fe intermetallics on the machinability of heat-treated Al-(7-11)% Si alloys. J Mater Process Technol. 2010;210:245–57.
  • [31] Samuel AM, Doty HW, Valtierra S, Samuel FH. Beta Al5FeSi phase platelets-porosity formation relationship in A319.2 type alloys. Int J Met. 2017;12(1):55–70.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-c1227d88-d4aa-49e7-b10b-937104e50ad4
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