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Human activities, such as sewage discharge and the use of fertilizers in agricultural lands resulted in reduced surface water quality worldwide. This study aimed to investigate water pollution in the Ghadruni Dam in the reservoirs of a seasonal river dam. Large amounts of chemical fertilizers used on the lands around the seasonal rivers as well as their runoff from agricultural lands may affect water quality more significantly than that of permanent rivers. Measurements of dissolved solids, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, turbidity, chloride, sulfate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nitrogen were taken for a year. The results indicate that the main cause of pollution in the dam basin is from agricultural effluents, as well as domestic and industrial sewage that is discharged into the system.
Czasopismo
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Tom
Strony
5--26
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 32 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Civil Engineering, Water Resources Management, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
autor
- Department of Building, Civil and Environment Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Kerman Branch, Kerman Iran
autor
- Civil Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
autor
- Department of Water Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Kerman,Iran.
Bibliografia
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- [3] CARPENTER S.R., CARACO N.F., CORRELL D.L., HOWARTH R.W., SHARPLEY A.N., SMITH V.H., Non- -point pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen, Ecol. Appl., 1998, 8 (3), 559–568. DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761 (1998)008[0559:NPOSWW]2.0.CO;2.
- [4] JARVIE H.P., WHITTON B.A., NEAL C., Nitrogen and phosphorus in east coast British rivers: speciation, sources and biological significance, Sci. Total Environ., 1998, 210–211, 79–109 DOI: 10.1016 /S0048-9697 (98)00109-0.
- [5] USEPA, Results of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, NTIS PB84-185552, Washington, DC, 1983.
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- [7] CROSA G., FROEBRICH J., NIKOLAYENKO V., STEFANI F., GALLID P., CALAMARI D., Spatial and seasonal variations in the water quality of the Amu Darya River (Central Asia), Water Res., 2006, 40, 2237 –2245. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.04.004.
- [8] SARKAR S.K., SAHA M., TAKADA H., BHATTACHARYA A., MISHRA P., BHATTACHARYA B., Water quality management in the lower stretch of the river Ganges, east coast of India. An approach through environmental education, J. Clean. Prod., 2007, 15, 1559–1567. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.07.030.
- [9] Guide to calculating the quality index of Iran’s water resources.
- [10] GONENÇ I.E., Sustainable Watershed Management, IGEM Research and Consulting, Istanbul 2006, 240. Water quality in the reservoirs of seasonal river dams
- [11]VEGAM.,PARDOR.,BARRADO E.,DEBAN L., Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis, Water Res., 1998, 32, 3581–3592. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00138-9.
- [12]SICKMAN J.O.,ZANOLIM.J.,MANN H.L., Effects of urbanization on organic carbon load sin the Sacramento River, California, Water Res. Res., 2007, 43(11), 1–15. DOI: 10.1029/2007WR005954.
- [13]EASTON Z.M.,GERARD-MARCHANTP.,WALTERM.T.,PETROVICA.M.,STEENHUIST.S., Identifyingdissolved phosphorus source areas and predicting transport from an urban watershed using distributed hydrologic modelling, Water Res. Res., 2007, 43(11), 1–16. DOI: 10.1029/2006WR005697.
- [14]SHRESTHA S.,KAZAMA F., Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques. Acase study of the Fuji River basin, Japan, Environ. Model.Softw.,2007, 22(4), 464–475. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.02.001.
- [15] SABAHIH.,FEYZIM.,VOICIH.,ASILAMK.S., Study on the influence of agriculture alactivities on water quality of Sikan, Environ.Sci., 2010, 7(4), 23–30.
- [16] WFD, Water Framework Directive, Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy, 2000.
- [17] ALIZADEA. ,Principles of Applied Hydrology, Imam Reza University Press, Mashihad, Iran,2006.
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- [19] BASU S.,LOKESH K.S., Spatial and temporal variations of river water quality. Acase study of River Kabini at Nanjangud in Karnataka, Int. J. Water Res. Environ. Eng., 2013, 5(10), 595–600. DOI: 10.5897/IJWREE12.130.
- [20] GARIZI A.Z.,SHEIKH V.,SADODIN A., Assessment of seasonal variations of chemical characteristics in surface water using multivariate statistical methods, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2011, 8(3), 581–592. DOI: 10.1007/BF03326244.
- [21] SUSFALK R.B., FITZGERALDB., KNUSTA.M., Characterization of Turbidity and Total Suspended Sol-ids in the Upper Carson River, DHS Publication, No.41242,Carson City, Nevada, 2008.
- [22] PEJMAN A.H.,NABIBIDHENDIG.R.,KARBASSIA.R.,MEHRDADIN.,ESMAEILI BIDHENDIM., Evaluation of spatial and seasonal variations in surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2009, 6(3), 467–476. DOI: 10.1007/BF03326086.
- [23] CHAPMAN D.,KIMSTACH V.,[In:]D. Chapman (Ed.), Selection of Water Quality Variables, Chapter3. Water Quality and Assessments. A Guide to Use of Biota, Sediments, and Water in Environmental Monitoring, 2nd Ed., 651 UNESCO/ WHO/UNEP, 1996.
- [24] BORAN M.,SIVRI N., Determination the nutrient and suspended solid mater loads of Solaklı and Sürmene River(Trabzon,Türkiye), Ege J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 2001,18(3–4), 343–348. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.2001.18.3.5000157225.
- [25] OZDEMIRA.,KULEYIN A.,ÇORUH S., GEOKBULUTN.G.,KILIMY., BÜYÜKGÜNGORH.,The nitrogen loads carried by rivers and streams to the Black Sea in Turkey, [In:]Proc.3rdInternational Conference on the Mediterranean Coastal Environment, MEDCOAST, Malta1997, 327–336.
- [26] USLUO.,TÜRKMAN A., Water Pollution and Control, General Directorate of Environment Publications Educational Series, 260–261, Ankara.
- [27] CHARKHABIA.H.,SAKIZADEH M., Assessment of spatial variation of water quality parameters in the most polluted branch of the Anzali Wetland, Northern Iran, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 2006, 15(3), 395–403.
- [28]OLGUN E.,KOCAEMRES., Investigation of Lake Mogan in terms of water quality, Nat. Manage., 2011,45(10), 10–22.
- [29] KATIPA.,KARAERF., Assessment of water quality of Uluabat Lakein accordance with Turkish legislation and international criteria, Uludag Univ.J. Fac.Eng.Arch., 2011, 16(2), 25–34.
- [30] TRSWQM, Turkish Regulation of the Surface Water Quality Management. TS 2789, 2010. Water Quality. Measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand, 2016.
- [31] POUDEL D.D., LEE T., SRINIVASAN R., ABBASPOUR K., JEONG C.Y., Assessment of seasonal and spatial variation of surface water quality, identification of factors associated with water quality variability, and the modeling of critical nonpoint source pollution areas in an agricultural watershed, J. Soil Water Conserv., 2013, 68 (3), 155–171. DOI: 10.2489/jswc.68.3.155.
- [32] TÜLEK S., Determination of Water Quality Kızılırmak River and Risk Assesment Related to Eutrophication, M.Sc. Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Samsun 2006.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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