Duckweed does not improve the efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment in Lemna System plants

• Autorzy: Ozimek T. , Dąbrowski W. , Florkiewicz M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/aep-2015-0029

Warianty tytułu

PL

Rzęsa nie poprawia efektywności oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych w oczyszczalniach typu Lemna System

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

his study investigated the operation of three full-scale Lemna System surface flow municipal wastewater treatment plants, built according to the Lemna Corporation design. These plants consist of two ponds, the first aerated and the second for duckweed, with a barrier grid in the latter to ensure uniform plant distribution across its area. According to designers duckweed improves the efficiency of wastewater treatment. The three treatment plants are situated in central Poland and they differ in the occurrence of duckweed, two of them, located in Raków and Bąkowiec, operate without duckweed. and the third in Falęcin Stary, Lemna minor covers ca. 90% of second pond surface. The efficiency of Lemna System wastewater treatment was found not to differ between the plants with and without duckweed. The aerated pond played the main role in reduction of pollutants in the investigated Lemna Systems.

PL

Badania prowadzono w trzech czyszczalniach hydrofi towych z powierzchniowym przepływem ścieków typu Lemna System, zbudowanych według projektu Lemna Corporation. Składają się one ze stawu napowietrzanego i stawu rzęsowego wyposażonego w system barier mających na celu równomierne rozmieszczenie roślin. Stawy poprzedzone są osadnikiem wstępnym. Według projektantów odpowiednia praca tych oczyszczalni związana jest z występowaniem rzęsy na powierzchni stawu rzęsowego. Badano efektywność oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych w trzech oczyszczalniach Lemna System usytuowanych w centralnej Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli stawu rzęsowego i samej rzęsy. Oczyszczalnie różniły się między sobą występowaniem rzęsy. W dwóch z nich (w Rakowie i Bąkowcu) w trakcie całego okresu badań rzęsa nie występowała, natomiast w trzeciej (w Falęcinie Starym) w okresie wegetacyjnym pokrywała do 90%.powierzchni stawu. Efektywność oczyszczanie ścieków nie różniła się w oczyszczalni z rzęsą i bez rzęsy. Rzęsa nie wpływała istotnie na efektywność oczyszczania ścieków. We wszystkich oczyszczalniach główną rolę w redukcji zanieczyszczeń odgrywał staw napowietrzany.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

municipal wastewater; constructed wetland; Lemna System; Lemna minor

PL

ścieki komunalne; oczyszczalnia ścieków; Lemna system; staw napowietrzny

• Wydawca: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Environmental Protection
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 41, no. 3
• Strony: 47--52
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 32 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Ozimek T.

• University of Warsaw, Poland Biological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Biology Department of Hydrobiology

autor

Dąbrowski W.

• Białystok University of Technology, Poland Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering

autor

Florkiewicz M.

• University of Warsaw, Poland Biological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Biology Department of Hydrobiology

Bibliografia

• [1] APHA (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edition, American Water Works Association/Environment Federation, Washington, 2005.
• [2] Barbusiński, K., Kościelniak, H., Gajda, J. & Domagała, J. (2006). Experience with exploitation of Lemna treatment plant in Świerklaniec, Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna, 53, pp. 18-22. (in Polish)
• [3] Bergier, T. (2011). Effectiveness of oil derivatives removal from stormwater treated by the experimental constructed wetlands beds in semi-technical scale, Archives of Environmental Protection, 37, pp. 75-84.
• [4] Cheng, J., Bergmann, B.A., Classen, J.J., Stomp, A.M. & Howard, J.W. (2002). Nutrient recovery from swine lagoon water by Spirodela punctata, Bioresource Technology, 81, pp. 8-5.
• [5] Crites, R.W., Middelbrooks, E.J. & Reed, S.C. (2006). Natural wastewater treatment system, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton 2006.
• [6] Culley, D.D. & Epps, E.A. (1973). Use of duckweed for waste treatment and animal feed, Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 45, pp. 337-347.
• [7] Culley, D.D. (1976). Making aquatic weeds useful: some perspectives for Developing countries, National Academy of Sciences, Washington 1976.
• [8] Czernik, M. & Rybak, J.I. (1995). A new sampler for quantitative collection of invertebrate fauna associated with aggregations of filamentous algae and submerged macrophytes, Wiadomości Ekologiczne, 41, pp. 88-95.
• [9] Gijzen, H.J. & Veenstra, S. (2000). Duckweed-based wastewater treatment for rational resource recovery and reuse, in: Environmental Biotechnology and Cleaner Bioprocesses. Part II: Recycling and Treatment of Organic Wastes, Sanchez, G. & Hernandez, E. (Eds). Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia 2001, pp. 83-100.
• [10] Hardej, M. & Ozimek, T. (2002). The effect of sewage sludge flooding on growth and morphometric parameters of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steudel., Ecological Engineering, 18, pp. 343-350.
• [11] Jena, J.K., Patro, B., Patri, P., Khuntia, C.P., Tripathy, N.K., Sinha, S., Sarangi, N. & Ayyappan, S. (2010). Biological treatment of domestic sewage through duckweed-cum-fish culture: a pilot-scale study, Indian Journal of Fishery, 57, pp. 45-51.
• [12] Körner, S., Lyatuu, G.B. & Vermaat, J.E. (1998). The influence of Lemna gibba L. on the degradation of organic material in duckweed-covered domestic wastewater, Water Resources, 32, pp. 3092-3098.
• [13] Körner, S., Vermaat, J.E. & Veenstra, S. (2003).The capacity of duckweed to treat wastewater. Ecological considerations for a sound design, Journal of Environmental Quality, 32, pp. 1583-1590.
• [14] Landolt, E. (1982). Distribution pattern and ecophysiological characteristics of the European species of the Lemnaceae. Ber. Geobot. Inst. ETH, Stiftung Rubel, Zürich, 49, pp. 127-145.
• [15] Miernik, W. & Wałęga, A. (2006). Influence of operation time the efficiency of on effectiveness at sewage treatment process in Lemna sewage treatment plant, Infrastruktura i ekologia terenów wiejskich, 3, pp. 39-51. (in Polish)
• [16] Ngo, V. (1987). Boosting pond performance with aquaculture operations, Forum for Wastewater Professionals, 4, pp. 20-23.
• [17] Obarska-Pempkowiak, H., Gajewska, M. & Wojciechowska, E. (2010). Treatment of water and wastewater by hydrophytes, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2010. (in Polish)
• [18] Oron, G., Porath, D. & Jansen, H. (1987). Performance of the duckweed species Lemna gibba on municipal wastewater for renovation and protein production, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 29, pp. 258-268.
• [19] Ozengin, N. & Elmaci, A. (2007.). Performance of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) on different types of wastewater treatment, Journal of Environmental Biology, 28, pp. 307-314.
• [20] Ozimek, T. (1998). What is the role of Lemna minor in wastewater treatment in the “Lemna system” in temperate climates. in: Ecotechnics for Sustainable Society: L. Thofelt & A. Englund (Eds) Ostersund 1998, pp. 201-214.
• [21] Ozimek, T. & Czupryński, P. (2003 a). Ten years experience of constructed wetlands in Poland, Publicationes Instituti Geographici Universitatis Tartuensis 94, pp. 163-167.
• [22] Ozimek, T. & Czupryński, P. (2003 b). Lemnaceae in wastewater treatment - case study, Mniów, Poland, Publicationes Instituti Geographici Universitatis Tartuensis, 94, pp. 302-307.
• [23] Öbek, E. & Hasar, H. (2002). Role of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) harvesting in biological phosphate removal from secondary treatment effluents, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 11, pp. 27-29.
• [24] Pawęska, K. & Kuczewski, K. (2013). The small wastewater treatment plants - hydrobotanical systems in environmental protection, Archives of Environmental Protection, 39, pp. 3-16.
• [25] Poole, W. (1996). Natural wastewater treatment with duckweed aquaculture, Environmental Research. Forum, 5-6, pp. 30-306.
• [26] Priya, A., Avishek, K. & Pathak, G. (2012). Assessing the potentials of Lemna minor in the treatment of domestic wastewater at pilot scale, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, pp. 4301-4307.
• [27] Ran, N., Agami, M. & Oron, G. (2004). A pilot study of constructed wetlands using duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) for treatment of domestic primary effluent in Israel, Water Research, 38, pp. 2240-2247.
• [28] Shammout, M.W., Oran, S. & Fayyad, M. (2008). The application of duckweed (Lemna sp.) in wastewater treatment in Jordan, International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 33, pp. 110-120.
• [29] Vymazal, J. (2001). Types of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment; their potential for nutrient removal, in: Transformation of nutrients in natural and constructed wetlands, Vymazal (Ed), Backhuys Publishers, Leiden 2001, pp. 71-93.
• [30] Wolverton, B. & McDonald, C.R.C. (1976). Don’t waste waterweeds, New Scientist, 12, pp. 318-323.
• [31] Wójcik, W. (2010). Landfill leachate treatment using constructed wetland with short detention time, Archives of Environmental Protection, 36, pp. 51-58.
• [32] Zimmo, R, van der Steen, N.P. & Gijzen, HJ. (2004). Nitrogen mass balance across pilot-scale algae and duckweed-based wastewater stabilization ponds, Water Research, 38, pp. 913-918.