The effect upon the grinding wheel active surface condition when impregnating with non-metallic elements during internal cylindrical grinding of titanium

• Autorzy: Nadolny K. , Sienicki W. , Wojtewicz M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1016/j.acme.2014.03.004

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The following article describes the results of experimental works connected with the possibility of limiting the adhesion of grinding products to the grinding wheel active surface, as a result of introducing an impregnate, in the form of sulphur or allotropic carbon variants, into the grinding wheel volume. The methods of sulphurizing, as well as impregnation with graphite and amorphous carbon, were described. The results of experimental tests conducted in the internal cylindrical reciprocal grinding process in Titanium Grade 2® alloy, using impregnated grinding wheels, were presented and compared to the results of grinding with a non-impregnated grinding wheel. What was also determined was the influence of the type of impregnate on the grinding wheel active surface stereometric features after the grinding process, especially the degree to which smearing with machined material chips occurred. Moreover, the influence of impregnation on the machined surface roughness was also estimated. The results of the conducted experiments indicate that application of the impregnate, in the form of graphite, allowed for a 10-fold reduction in the number of smeared areas in comparison with the non-impregnated grinding wheel.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

internal cylindrical grinding; hard-to-cut materials; grinding wheel impregnation

PL

szlifowanie; tytan; szlifowanie cylindryczne

• Wydawca: Springer ; Wrocław University of Science and Technology
• Czasopismo: Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 15, no. 1
• Strony: 71--86
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 41 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Nadolny K.

• Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Racławicka 15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland

autor

Sienicki W.

• Subject Group of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Racławicka 15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland

autor

Wojtewicz M.

• Subject Group of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Racławicka 15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] I.D. Marinescu, W.B. Rowe, B. Dimitrov, I. Inasaki, Tribology of Abrasive Machining Processes, William Andrew Inc., Norwich, 2004.
• [2] H.Z. Choi, S.W. Lee, H.D. Jeong, A comparison of the cooling effects of compressed cold air and coolant for cylindrical grinding with a CBN wheel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 111 (1–3) (2001) 265–268.
• [3] M. Nakayama, K. Kudo, T. Hirose, M. Iino, Experimental study of grinding fluids for abrasive-belt grinding of stainless steel, Tribology International 20 (3) (1987) 133–143.
• [4] K. Nadolny, The effect of integrating the structural modifications of the grinding wheel upon the internal cylindrical grinding process, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 12 (1) (2012) 60–67.
• [5] K. Nadolny, Microdiscontinuities of the grinding wheel and their effects on its durability during internal cylindrical grinding, Machining Science and Technology 17 (1) (2013) 74–92.
• [6] U. Teicher, A. Ghosh, A.B. Chattopadhyay, K. Künanz, On the grindability of titanium alloy by brazed type monolayered superabrasive grinding wheels, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 46 (6) (2006) 620–622.
• [7] P.-L. Tso, Study on the grinding of Inconel 718, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 55 (3/4) (1995) 421–426.
• [8] X. Xu, Y. Yu, H. Huang, Mechanisms of abrasive wear in the grinding of titanium (TC4) and nickel (K417) alloys, Wear 255 (7–12) (2003) 1421–1426.
• [9] X. Yang, C.R. Liu, Machining titanium and its alloys, Machining Science and Technology 3 (1) (1999) 107–139.
• [10] H. Noichl, CBN grinding of Nickel alloys in the aerospace industry, in: Proceedings of the Intertech 2000, 2000.
• [11] W. Kaplonek, C. Lukianowicz, K. Nadolny, Methodology of the assessment of the abrasive tool's active surface using laser scatterometry, Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 36 (1) (2012) 49–66.
• [12] W. Kaplonek, K. Nadolny, The diagnostics of abrasive tools after internal cylindrical grinding of hard-to-cut materials by means of a laser technique using imaging and analysis of scattered light, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 38 (4) (2013) 953–970.
• [13] K. Nadolny, The method of assessment of the grinding wheel cutting ability in the plunge grinding, Central European Journal of Engineering 2 (3) (2012) 399–409.
• [14] P. Sutowski, K. Nadolny, W. Kaplonek, Monitoring of cylindrical grinding processes by use of a non-contact AE system, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 13 (10) (2012) 1737–1743.
• [15] T.P. Gallagher, Process for impregnating porous bodies with a solid fusible substance, US Patent No. 3,341,355, Patented 12.09.1967.
• [16] M.L. Harmann, Abrasive article, US Patent No. 1,615,271, Patented 25.01.1927.
• [17] L.P. Jackson, Filled abrasive article and filler for the same, US Patent No. 2,333,480, Patented 2.11.1943.
• [18] H.H. Jones, Composition for impregnating grinding wheels, US Patent No. 2,240,302, Patented 29.04.1941.
• [19] M.J. Donachie, S.J. Donachie, Superalloys: A Technical Guide, ASM International, Materials Park, 2002.
• [20] S. Malkin, C. Guo, Grinding Technology: Theory and Applications of Machining with Abrasives, Industrial Press Inc., New York, 2008.
• [21] T. Mang, W. Dresel, Lubricants and Lubrication, Wiley-VCH, Veinheim, 2007.
• [22] J.D. Silliman, Cutting and Grinding Fluids: Selection and Application, SME, Dearborn, 1992.
• [23] Grinding – the state of the art, Machining and Production Engineering 155 (1997) 39–48.
• [24] Joto Abrasives Pvt. Ltd. (Germany), Treatment (electronic document), http://www.jotoabrasives.com/Products/Html% 20Pages/ProductsMfrsTreatement.htm (accessed 20.12.12).
• [25] Norton Company (USA), The Norton full line of stock abrasive products (electronic document), http://hpmvideo.saint- gobain.com/wsi-ab-sga-na/eMagCatalogs/NortonIndustrial/ 2011/pdf/NortonIndustrial-Catalog7362-2011.pdf (accessed 20.12.12).
• [26] Super Abrasives (India), Range of products – internal grinding wheels (electronic document) http://www.superabrasives india.com/internal.htm (accessed 20.12.12).
• [27] Systec Segments (USA), Sulfur treatments (electronic document), http://www.systecsegments.com/faq3.htm#15. Sulfur Treatments (5-23-06) (accessed 20.12.12).
• [28] G.V. Chirkov, Characteristics of the grinding wheel impregnation processes, Russian Engineering Research 27 (6) (2007) 387–389.
• [29] M. Alberts, K. Kalaitzidou, S. Melkote, An investigation of graphite nanoplatelets as lubricant in grinding, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 49 (12/13) (2009) 966– 970.
• [30] B. Bhushan, Modern Tribology Handbook, CRC Press LLC, New York, 2001.
• [31] R.A. Irani, R.J. Bauer, A. Warkentin, A review of cutting fluid application in the grinding process, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 45 (15) (2005) 1696–1705.
• [32] S.Y. Luo, Y.S. Liao, C.C. Chou, J.P. Chen, Analysis of the wear of a resin-bonded diamond wheel in the grinding of tungsten carbide, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 69 (1–3) (1997) 289–296.
• [33] S.C. Salmon, The effects of hard lubricant coatings on the performance of electro-plated superabrasive grinding wheels, Key Engineering Materials 238–239 (2003) 283–288.
• [34] S. Shaji, V. Radhakrishnan, An investigation on surface grinding using graphite as lubricant, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 42 (6) (2002) 733–740.
• [35] S. Shaji, V. Radhakrishnan, Analysis of process parameters in surface grinding with graphite as lubricant based on the Taguchi method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 141 (1) (2003) 51–59.
• [36] S. Shaji, V. Radhakrishnan, Application of solid lubricants in grinding: investigations on graphite sandwiched grinding wheels, Machining Science and Technology 7 (1) (2003) 137–155.
• [37] G.W. Stachowiak, A.W. Batchelor, Engineering Tribology, Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn, 2001.
• [38] D.A. Kurushin, Sherokhovatost' poverkhnostejj shlifovannykh sbornym kompozicionnym krugom s povyshennojj okruzhnojj skorost'ju, STIN (7) (2007) 34–36 (in Russian).
• [39] W. Sienicki, M. Wojtewicz, K. Nadolny, Method of modifying ceramic abrasive tools by impregnation, Polish patent application No. P. 395441 from 27.06.2011.
• [40] W. Kaplonek, K. Nadolny, Assessment of the grinding wheel active surface condition using SEM and image analysis techniques, Journal of The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 35 (3) (2013) 207–215.
• [41] K. Nadolny, W. Kaplonek, C. Lukianowicz, J. Valicek, Laser measurements of surface topography of abrasive tools using measurement system CLI 2000, Electrical Review 87 (9a) (2011) 24–27 (in Polish).