Experimental study of layouts of PDC cutters in core bit drilling

• Autorzy: Buitrago Gomez L. A. , Miska S. Z. , Ziaja M. B.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.7494/drill.2016.33.2.341

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Over the past two decades, various single cutter force models have been developed that consider formation properties and bit characteristics. These models have been extensively used to describe the interaction of a Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bit with formation rocks; however, their use to predict bit drilling efficiency is usually inadequate. There is an ample of field evidence that the density and layouts of PDC cutters affect drilling efficiency. Still, however, there is no reliable model of the PDC bit performance allowing determination of these bit design features for a specific bit's applications. In order to better understand the relationship between rock properties and PDC cutter layouts for different bit applications, laboratory drilling tests were performed with PDC core bits. The concept of an eight-blade PDC core bit was used to build a bit with a common body and replaceable heads. Core-bit design features such as: bit, cutter size, and cutter geometry were constant. In this study, the full-scale test rig facility at the University of Tulsa was used to obtain consistent data for six different layouts of PDC cutters. Operating parameters, such as the rate per minute (RPM) and weight on bit (WOB), were varied and performance parameters (rate of penetration (ROP) and bit torque (TQB)), were measured at each time step with the frequency of 10 Hz. The ROP were calculated as a function of bit displacement over time. All operating parameters were recorded as part of the data acquisition platform. Depth of Cut (DOC) was calculated from ROP, and the average WOB and TQB were estimated at each depth of cut. Tests were performed on two different rocks: Bedford and Carthage Limestones. For the purpose of comparing performance among different cutter layouts, we experiment with a maximum of four different depths of cut, which corresponded to four different weights on bit. The tested layouts allowed a constant maximum DOC per cutter of 0.25 in. Water was the drilling fluid for the entire experimental phase. The results showed that under the same drilling parameters, the cutter layout plays a key role in drilling efficiency. Strong linear relationships were found between DOC, WOB and TQB at different conditions that were characteristic of the specific bit design. Also, the PDC cutter layouts affected the relative drilling performance differently for different rock properties.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

PDC cutter; cutters layout; PDC bit; coring; drilling efficiency

• Wydawca: AGH University of Science and Technology Press
• Czasopismo: AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 33, no. 2
• Strony: 341--360
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 17 poz., rys., tab., wykr., zdj.

Twórcy

autor

Buitrago Gomez L. A.

• The University of Tulsa

autor

Miska S. Z.

• The University of Tulsa

autor

Ziaja M. B.

• The University of Tulsa

Bibliografia

• [1] Akbari B.: PDC Cutter-Rock interaction: Experiments and Modeling. PhD dissertation, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, December 2014.
• [2] Akbari B., Miska S., Yu M. et al.: The Effects of Size, Chamfer Geometry, and Back Rake Angle on Frictional Response of PDC Cutters. Presented at the 48th US Rock Mechanics & Geomechanics Symposium, Minneapolis, 1–4 June. ARMA 14-7458, 2014.
• [3] Andersen E., Azar J.: PDC-Bit Performance under Simulated Borehole Conditions. SPE Drill & Compl 8 (3), 1993, pp. 184–188. SPE 20412.
• [4] Chen S., Arfele R., Anderle S. et al.: A New Theory on Cutter Layout for Improving PDC Bit Performance in Hard and Transit Formation Drilling. SPE Drill & Compl, 28 (4), 2013, pp. 338–349, SPE-168224-PA.
• [5] Detournay E., Defourny P.: A phenomenological model for the drilling action of drag bits. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts, 29 (1) 1992, pp. 13–2.
• [6] Garcia-Gavito D.: Experimental Study of PDC Bit Hydraulics. MS Thesis, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1986.
• [7] Garcia-Gavito D., Azar J.: Proper Nozzle Location, Bit Profile, and Cutter Arrangement Affect PDC-Bit Performance significantly. SPE Drill & Comp 9 (3), 1994, pp. 167–175, 20415-PA.
• [8] Glowka D.A.: Use of Single-Cutter Data in the Analysis of PDC Bit Designs: Part 1 –Development of a PDC Cutting Force Model. Presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 5–8 October 1986, SPE-15619.
• [9] Hariharan H.: Effect of PDC Bit Design and Confining Pressure on Bit Balling Tendencies while Drilling Shales using Water-based Muds. MS Thesis, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1993.
• [10] Peterson J.: Diamond Drilling Model Verified in Field and Laboratory Tests. Presented at the SPE-AIME 49th Annual Fall Meeting, Houston, 6–9 October 1974, SPE-5072.
• [11] Rafatian N.: Modeling the Effect of Pore Pressure on Rock Strengthening and Mechanical Specific Energy. MS Thesis, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 2008.
• [12] Rafatian N., Miska S.Z., Ledgerwood L.W. et al.: Experimental study of MSE of a single PDC cutter interacting with rock under simulated pressurized conditions. SPE Drilling & Completion, 25(01), 2010, pp. 10–18.
• [13] Rajabov V.: The Effects of Back Rake and Side Rake Angles on Mechanical Specific Energy on Single PDC Cutters on Selected Rocks. MS Thesis, The University of Tulsa, Oklahoma, 2011.
• [14] Rajabov V., Stefan M., Mortimer L. et al.: The Effects of Back Rake and Side Rake Angles on Mechanical Specific Teale, R. 1965. The concept of Specific Energy in Rock Drilling. Int. J. Rock Mech. Mining Sci., 2, 2012, pp. 57–73.
• [15] Villa O.: Wear and Performance: An experimental study of PDC Bit Cutting Mechanisms. MS Thesis, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1990.
• [16] Ziaja M., Miska S.: Mathematical Model of the Diamond-Bit Drilling Process and Its Practical Application. SPE 9 (3), 1982, pp. 911–922, 10148-PA.
• [17] Ziaja M.: Mathematical Model of the Polycrystalline Diamond Bit Drilling Process and Its Practical Application. Presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Las Vegas, 22–25 September 1985, 14217-MS.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.