Particulate Matter and Elements – A Case Study of Land-Use Change “Before-After” on the Example of a New Road with Medium Traffic

• Autorzy: Olszowski T.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Ocena występowania leków sulfonamidowych w biosferze

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Emissions from road traffic play a key role for the impact on entering several types of pollutants into the air, causing that the troposphere (not only in the vicinity of roads) depends on the intensity and type of the transport. Due to exploitation of vehicles and road surfaces, gaseous pollutants and particulates are released into the atmosphere. The paper presents results of research studies on the concentration of PM₁₀ dust, and the concentration of heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn), which it contains. The PM₁₀ concentration measurements were performed using MicroPNS HVS16 sets of dust collectors with control modules. Qualitative and quantitative indications of heavy metals were performed using AAS. The presented approach differs from the previous ones with the method of obtaining results for the reference state, which previously were set out in the same sites, in which later were investigated the effect of motor traffic on the qualities of the air. Samples of the airborne particulate matter and surface dust were collected twice in the same area for a period of 28 days in April 2004 (an area without human intervention) and 2012 (an area of operation). The study was conducted on the area of the current section of the northern ring road of Opole (PL). It was shown that the land-use change, which is the exploitation of new road, causes PM₁₀ concentration increase and raise of the designated heavy metals in the air. Based on the estimated EF and Wilcoxon test it was stated that transport significantly affects the level of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu. It was indicated that the speed of vehicles is one of the key factors influencing the degree of air degradation. It was also concluded that the former approach applied in the assessment of the air quality being based on the comparison of its quality at source and the quality in areas away from human activity, is justified.

PL

Emisja z ruchu drogowego jest istotnym źródłem wprowadzania szeregu rodzajów zanieczyszczeń do powietrza, co powoduje, że jakość troposfery (nie tylko w sąsiedztwie dróg) uwarunkowana jest intensywnością i rodzajem transportu. W wyniku eksploatacji pojazdów i nawierzchni jezdnych do atmosfery uwalniane są zanieczyszczenia gazowe oraz pyłowe. Praca przedstawia wyniki badań dotyczących koncentracji pyłu PM₁₀ i zawartych w nim metali ciężkich (Al, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb i Zn). Pomiary stężenia PM₁₀ wykonano przy użyciu zautomatyzowanych zestawów pobierania pyłów MicroPNS HVS16. Oznaczenia jakościowe i ilościowe metali ciężkich wykonano przy użyciu spektrometrii AAS. Zaprezentowane podejście różni się od dotychczasowych sposobem uzyskania wyników dla stanu odniesienia. Koncentracje analizowanych związków określono w tych samych miejscach, w których później badano wpływ ruchu pojazdów silnikowych na jakość powietrza. Próbki pyłu zawieszonego pobierano dwukrotnie na tym samym terenie przez okres 28 dni w miesiącu kwietniu, w 2004 (teren pozbawiony ingerencji ludzkiej) i 2012 r. (teren eksploatowany). Badania prowadzono na obszarze obecnego odcinka północnej obwodnicy Opola (PL). Wykazano, że zmiana sposobu użytkowania terenu, jakim jest eksploatacja nowej drogi, powoduje wzrost stężeń PM₁₀ i oznaczanych metali ciężkich w powietrzu. Na podstawie wyznaczonej wartości współczynnika wzbogacania (EF) i analizy testem Wilcoxona stwierdzono, że transport wydatnie wpływa na poziom Pb, Cd, Zn i Cu. Wykazano, że prędkość pojazdów jest jednym z kluczowych czynników wpływających na stopień degradacji powietrza. Ponadto stwierdzono, że dotychczasowa metoda wykorzystywana przy ocenie jakości powietrza polegająca na porównaniu jego jakości u źródła z jego jakością na terenach oddalonych od działalności człowieka jest uzasadniona.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

road traffic; PM10; heavy metals; AAS

PL

ruch drogowy; PM10; metale ciężkie; ASA

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: Vol. 19, nr 10
• Strony: 1173--1184
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 34 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Olszowski T.

• Department of Thermal Engineering nd Industrial Facilities, Opole University of Technology, ul. Mikołajczyka 5, 45–271 Opole, Poland

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