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Fire ventilation evaluation model in the design process using computational fluid dynamics

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Języki publikacji
EN
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EN
The article describes problems associated with the proper evaluation of fire ventilation. A review of literature related to the tenability criteria arising from the evacuation of people and the possibility of operations of rescue teams is presented. Based on the course of the construction process, a model for the verification of fire ventilation using computational fluid dynamics is proposed. The different phases of the project are described. Based on a case study of a car park analysis, possible solutions in the construction process are presented. The proposed model allows consistent and iterative project management, in which each step (from concept to construction) is verified against fire safety requirements. This significantly increases confidence that the final solution will not only comply with regulations, but also be optimal in terms of cost, usability and effectiveness of smoke and fire protection.
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165--189
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 28 poz., rys., tab.
Bibliografia
  • [1] Brzezińska, D., Feltynowski, M., Dziubiński, M. & Bryant, P., (2018). A Multi-Storey Car Park Fire – Was the Fire Strategy at Fault? Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza, (3), 120–125. doi:10.12845/bitp.51.3.2018.8
  • [2] BS 7346-7, (2013). Components for smoke and heat control systems – Part 7: Code of practice on functional recommendations and calculation methods for smoke and heat control systems for covered car parks. British Standards Institute.
  • [3] C/VM2, (2012). Verification Method: Framework for Fire Safety Design. Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment, New Zealand.
  • [4] CEN/TS 12101-11, (2022). Smoke and heat control systems – Part 11: Horizontal flow powered ventilation systems for enclosed car parks.
  • [5] EN 12101-13, (2022). Smoke and heat control systems – Part 13: Pressure differential systems (PDS) – Design and calculation methods, installation, acceptance testing, routine testing and maintenance. European committee for Standardization.
  • [6] European Parliament and the Council, (2011). Construction Products Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council Directive 89/106/ EEC. Official Journal of the European Union. (305).
  • [7] Fire Brigade Intervention Model Manual, (2020). Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council Limited.
  • [8] Guidance on Smoke Control to Common Escape Routes in Apartment Buildings, (2022). Smoke Control Association.
  • [9] Hurley, M.J. & Rosenbaum, E.R., (2015). Performance-based fire safety design. CRC Press.
  • [10] Jin, T., (1975). Visibility through fire smoke. Report of Fire Research Institute of Japan, 5(42).
  • [11] Jin, T., (1985). Irritating effects of fire smoke on visibility. Fire Science and Technology, 5, 79–90.
  • [12] Buettner, K., (1951). Effects of Extreme Heat and Cold on Human Skin. II. Surface Temperature, Pain and Heat Conductivity in Experiments with Radiant Heat. Journal of Applied Physiology, 3(12), 703–713.
  • [13] Klote, J.H., Mike, J.A., Tumbull, P.G., Kashef, A. & Ferreira, M.J., (2012). Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering. www.ashrae.org.
  • [14] Krasuski, A. (ed.) (2024). Guidelines for verification of enclosed garage jet-fan ventilation systems using CFD simulation (Wytyczne weryfikacji instalacji wentylacji strumieniowej garaży zamkniętych za pomocą symulacji CFD). Warsaw: Akademia Pożarnicza (Fire University). doi:10.70402/apoz.2024.wytycznecfd
  • [15] Milke, J.A., Hugue, D.E., Hoskins, B.L. & Carroll, J.P., (2005). Tenability Analyses in Performance-Based Design. Fire Protection Engineering, 50–56.
  • [16] Moritz, A.R., Henriques, F.C. & McLean, R., (1945). The Effects of Inhaled Heat on the Air Passages and Lungs: An Experimental Investigation. American Journal of Pathology, 311–331.
  • [17] NEN 6098, (2010). Smoke control systems for powered smoke exhaust ventilators in car parks. The Netherlands.
  • [18] NFPA 130, (2020). Standard for fixed guideway transit and passenger rail systems. National Fire Protection Associate.
  • [19] NFPA 204, (2024). Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting. National Fire Protection Association.
  • [20] PD 7974-6, (2019). The application of fire safety engineering principles to fire safety design of buildings. British Standards Institute.
  • [21] Purser, D.A. & McAllister, J.L., (2016). Assessment of Hazards to Occupants from Smoke, Toxic Gases, and Heat. In: The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. 5th edition. New York: Springer.
  • [22] Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of April 12, 2002 on the technical conditions to be met by buildings and their location (Polish Journal of Laws/Dz.U. 2002 no. 75 item 690 as amended).
  • [23] Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of May 16, 2023 on the technical requirements for metro buildings and their location (Polish Journal of Laws/Dz.U. 2023 no. 1210).
  • [24] Singapore Civil Defence Force, (2015). Singapore Fire Safety Engineering Guidelines. Singapore Civil Defence Force.
  • [25] Society of Fire Protection Engineers (ed.), (2019). SFPE Guide to Human Behavior in Fire. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94697-9
  • [26] Storesund, K., Sesseng, C., Mikalsen, R.F., Holmvaag, O. & Steen-Hansen, A., (2020) Evaluation of fire in Stavanger airport car park 7 January 2020. Report number: RISE-report 2020:91. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.24520.14080
  • [27] The International Building Code (2021). International Code Council.
  • [28] Węgrzyński, W. & Krajewski, G., (2015). Smoke control in car parks. Design, evaluation and commissioning. Guidelines 493/2015 (Systemy wentylacji pożarowej garaży. Projektowanie, ocena, odbiór. Wytyczne 493/2015). 1st edition. Warsaw: Instytut Techniki Budowlanej.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-bc7cd8be-b479-4b60-b19e-b925ab0c6787
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