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Safety requirements for the manufacture, use and storage of high-energy materials and explosive substances necessitate a search for new insensitive components of fusible energetic matrices (propellant matrices) in order to completely or partially replace 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and their melt-casts with TNT may be proposed as such replacements. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to characterize the thermal behaviour of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, 1-ethoxymethyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, t-butyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and their melt-casts with TNT. This study showed that 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and its melt-casts with TNT was the best for explosive systems based on 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-1,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) and guanylurea dinitramide (GUDN). The present article also presents data for the mechanical sensitivity of these explosives and their calculated detonation characteristics. The composite explosive based on HMX with 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole has a calculated detonation velocity the same as HMX with TNT, but the sensitivity of HMX/TNT is 1.3-1.7 times higher.
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Tom
Strony
344--361
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 19 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Institute of Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (IPCET SB RAS), 1 Socialisticheskaya Street, Biysk 659322, Altai Krai, Russia
autor
- Institute of Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (IPCET SB RAS), 1 Socialisticheskaya Street, Biysk 659322, Altai Krai, Russia
autor
- Institute of Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (IPCET SB RAS), 1 Socialisticheskaya Street, Biysk 659322, Altai Krai, Russia
autor
- Institute of Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (IPCET SB RAS), 1 Socialisticheskaya Street, Biysk 659322, Altai Krai, Russia
autor
- Institute of Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (IPCET SB RAS), 1 Socialisticheskaya Street, Biysk 659322, Altai Krai, Russia
Bibliografia
- [1] Talawar, M.B.; Sivablan, R.; Anniyappan, М.; Gore, G.M.; Astana, S.N.; Gandhe, B.R. Emerging Trends in Advanced High Energy Materials. Combust., Explos. Shock Waves 2007, 43(1): 62-72.
- [2] Zhukov, B.P. Energetic Condensed. Systems. (in Russian) Moscow, 1999, pp. 80-116; ISBN 5-8037-0031-2.
- [3] Fomicheva, L.V. Explosives. Basic Properties. Production and Processing Technology. (in Russian) All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Sarov, 2007, pp. 7-131; ISBN 978-9515-0078-8.
- [4] Badgujar, D.; Talawar, M. Thermal Analysis and Sensitivity Studies on Guanylurea Dinitramide (GUDN or FOX-12) Based Melt Cast Explosive Formulations. Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater. 2017, 14(2): 296-303.
- [5] Pepekin, V.I. Tendencies in the Development of Studies of High Explosives. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2011, 5(1): 41-44.
- [6] Davies, P.J.; Provatas, A. Characterisation of 2,4-Dinitroanisole: An Ingredient for Use in Low Sensitivity Melt Cast Formulations. DSTO, Technical Report DSTOTR- 1904, Australia, 2006, pp. 1-5, 20.
- [7] Mishra, V.S.; Vadali, S.R.; Bhagat, A.L.; Garg, R.K.; Kugaonkar, V.M.; Raman, S.; Sinha, R.K.; Asthana, S. Studies on NTO-, FOX-7- and DNAN-based Melt Cast Formulations. Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater. 2017, 14(2): 403-417.
- [8] Miao, F.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, L.; Wu, X.; Jiang, T.; Xing, R. Hugoniot and Mie-Grüneisen Equation of State of Unreacted 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN). Int. J. Impact Eng. 2019, 134: 103369.
- [9] Lei, F.-B.; Zhu, J.-P.; Cao, D.-L. Theoretical Research on Structures and Detonation Performance for Nitro Derivatives of Triazole. (in Chinese) Binggong Xuebao (Acta Armamentarii) 2011, 32(1): 8-16.
- [10] Nesterenko, D.A.; Garanin, V.A.; Kazakov, A.I.; Korepin, A.G.; Romanova, L.B. Energetic Properties and Impact Sensitivity of Crystalline Explosives. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2014, 8(5): 46-57.
- [11] Dubnov, L.V.; Bakharevich, А.I.; Romanov, А.I. Industrial Explosives. (in Russian) Nedra, Moscow, 1988, pp. 325-332; ISBN 5-247-00285-7.
- [12] Komarova, М.V.; Vakutin, А.G.; Kozyrev, N.V.; Il’yasov, S.G. Binary Systems Based on Nitrotriazole Derivatives and Nitrofurazanyl Furoxane. (in Russian) South-Siberian Scientific Bulletin 2018, 23/3: 33-38.
- [13] Sukhanov, G.T.; Lukin, A.Yu. Reaction of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazoles with Alkylating Agents. 1. Alkylation in the Presence of Alkali. Chem. Heterocycl. Compd. 2005, 41(7): 861-865.
- [14] Sukhanova, A.G.; Sakovich, G.V.; Sukhanov, G.T. Reaction of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazoles with Alkylating Agents. 6. Alkylation of a Neutral Heterocycle by Alcohols in Acid Media. Chem. Heterocycl. Compd. 2008, 44(11): 1368-1373.
- [15] Sukhanov, G.T.; Pivovarova, Е.V.; Digo, Т.А.; Filippova, Yu.V.; Sukhanova, A.G.; Bosov, K.K. Synthesis of Simple Mixed Esters of Heterocyclic and Aliphatic Alcohols. (in Russian) South-Siberian Scientific Bulletin 2017, 20/4: 182-184.
- [16] Kozyrev, N.V. Reparametrization of the BKW Equation of State for CHNO Explosives which Release no Condensed Carbon upon Detonation. Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater. 2015, 12(4): 651-669.
- [17] Cowan, R.D.; Fickett, W. Calculation of the Detonation Properties of Solid Explosives with the Kistiakowsky-Wilson Equation of State. J. Chem. Phys. 1956, 24(5): 932-939.
- [18] Joback, K.G.; Reid, R.C. Estimation of Pure-component Properties from Groupcontributions. Chem. Eng. Commun. 1987, 57(1-6): 233-243.
- [19] Meyer, R.; Köhler, J.; Homburg, A. Explosives. 6th ed., WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2007, pp. 106-336; ISBN 978-527-31656-4.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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