Comparison of the quality of rail steel from the nineteenth century converter processes and the modern oxygen-converter process

• Autorzy: Żak Sylwester , Ropka Tomasz

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/msp-2024-0033

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This article presents the results of comparative tests for rails produced at the end of the nineteenth century using the steel production processes used at that time in relation to currently produced rails in the standard, not heat-treated R260 steel grade, and heat-treated high-hardness R350HT steel grade. Detailed results of steel quality assessment are presented, including oxide cleanness tests and macro- and microstructure analyses for each rail. The influence of the main elements on the morphology of the microstructure of individual rails is discussed, illustrating the description with numerous photos. An analysis of the chemical composition of each steel grade is provided, analysing the differences in the chemical composition of rails from different manufacturing processes. The results of hardness measurements in the rail head as an indicator of the rails’ abrasion resistance are also presented. The article also discusses the steel production processes used since the mid- nineteenth century, taking into account their positive and negative features in relation to the currently used steel production process.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

railway rail; steel production process; chemical composition; steel cleanness; mechanical properties

• Wydawca: De Gruyter
• Czasopismo: Materials Science Poland
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 42, No. 3
• Strony: 39--54
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 28 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Żak Sylwester

• DD2 - Experts Team, ArcelorMittal Poland S.A., Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland

autor

Ropka Tomasz

• BJ-8 - Defectology, Quality Department, ArcelorMittal Poland S.A., Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Encyclopedia of Technology – Metallurgy, 1st edition. Śląsk Publishing House, Reference 10345/E, Katowice, 1985
• [2] https://mlodytechnik.pl/technika/30619-dziecko-i-zarazem-ojciec-rewolucji-przemyslowej-henry-bessemer
• [3] https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bessemer
• [4] https://pl.frwiki.wiki/wiki/Proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9_Thomas
• [5] Pater, Z., Basics of metallurgy and foundry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, 2014, ISBN: 978-83-7947-088-4
• [6] https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/martenowski-proces;3938127.html
• [7] Przybyłowicz, K., Iron alloys engineering, Publishing House of the Kielce University of Technology, Kielce, 2008
• [8] Irving, W.R., Continuous casting of steel, The Institute of Materials Great Britain, 1993, ISBN 0 901716 53 7
• [9] EN 13674-1:2011 + A1:2017, Railways – Track – Rail, part 2: Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above, CEN-CENELEC Managemnet Centre, Brussels, 2017
• [10] Żak, S., Quality report on railway production in 2021 year enclosing chemical composition and mechanical properties of rails in steel grade R260, AMP Mat., unpublished; 2021, p. 1–16
• [11] Żak, S., Sarna, J., Merta, J., Quality assessment of Huta Katowice production rails, Published materials of the 23 Scientific and Technical Conference on Huta Katowice S.A., 2003, p. 32–48
• [12] Bałuch, H., Perspektywy zmniejszenia wad powierzchniowych szyn, Materiały V Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Technicznej Spawalnictwo Dróg Szynowych, Kraków: 2013
• [13] Kowalczyk, D., Antolik, Ł., Mikłaszewicz, I., Researches of the head check defect in rails using CT method as a part of the process focused on optimalisation ultrasonic transducers system, Proceedings of 48th National Conference of Non-destructive Testing (KKBN), Wisła, Poland, Published by „Badania Nieniszczące i Diagnostyka” SIMP Publishing Agenda; 2019, p. 45–48, 10.26357/BNiD.2019.024
• [14] Lesiak, P., Wlazło, M., Badania wad Head Cecking w szynach kolejowych metoda optyczną”. Prace Naukowe Politechniki warszawskiej z, Transport, 2014, 104: 33–42
• [15] Popović, Z., Radović, V., Lazarević, L., Vukadinović, V., Tepić, G., Rail inspection on RCF defects, Metalurgija, 2013, 52(4): 537–540
• [16] Tomićić-Trolaković, M., Guidelines for the rail grade selection, Metalurgija, 2014, 53(4): 717–720
• [17] Bałuch, H., Zagrożenia w nawierzchni kolejowej – badania i przeciwdziałanie, Problemy Kolejnictwa, Zeszyt, 2013, 158: 89–109
• [18] Grulkowski, S., Kędra, Z., Zariczny, J., Problemy diagnostyki szyn kolejowych w torach i rozjazdach, Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika, 2014, 5: 497–504
• [19] Licow, R., Tomaszewski, F., Identyfikacja wad powierzchni tocznej szyn za pomocą sygnału wibroakustycznego, Problemy Kolejnictwa, Zeszyt, 2019, 184: 71–76
• [20] Licow, R., Tomaszewski, F., Analysis of the reasons to wear and damage the rails depending on technical - operating conditions of the track, Rail Vehicles, 2017, 4: 1–9
• [21] Jabłońska, M., Lewandowski, F., Chmiela, B., Gronostajski, Z., Advanced heat treatment of pearlitic rail steel, Materials, 2023, 16: 6430
• [22] Królicka, A., Lesiuk, G., Radwański, K., Kuziak, R., Janik, A., Mech, R., et al., Comparison of fatigue crack growth rate: pearlitic rail versus bainitic rail, Int. J. Fatigue, 2021, 149: 106280
• [23] Li, G., Liu, Z., Chen, L., Hou, X., Numerical calculation of the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient on the surface of rail in the spray cooling process, J. Met. Eng., 2015, 4: 13–17
• [24] Dean, S.W., Sahay, S.S., Mohapatra, G., Totten, G.E., Overview of pearlitic rail steel: accelerated cooling, quenching, microstructure and mechanical properties, J. ASTM Int., 2009, 6: 1–26
• [25] Kuziak, R., Pidvysots’kyy, V., Rauch, Ł., Pietrzyk, M., Zygmunt, T., Method for heat treatment of the running surface of the head of the pearlitic steel rails, J. Met. Mater., 2021, 73: 9–15
• [26] Kuziak, R., Pidvysots’kyy, V., Pernach, M., Rauch, Ł., Zygmunt, T., Pietrzyk, M., Selection of the best phase transformation model for optimization of manufacturing processes of pearlitic steel rails, Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 2019, 19: 535–546
• [27] Malkiewicz, T., Metallurgy of iron alloys, Warsaw-Kraków: National Scientific Publishing House; 1976
• [28] Żak, S., Woźniak, D., Residual stresses in railway rails. Monograph No. 18, Monographs Publishing House of the Ferrous Metallurgy Institute, Gliwice, 2022, ISBN: 978-83-958775-7-5